Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34140145›Full record

ArticleJournal of the National Medical Association2021

Implicit Bias Recognition and Management: Tailored Instruction for Faculty.

Natalia Rodriguez, Emily Kintzer, Julie List, Monica Lypson, Joseph H Grochowalski, Paul R Marantz, Cristina M Gonzalez

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the National Medical Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Implicit Bias in Health Professionals: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Addressing implicit bias and health disparities in a level IV NICU.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Natalia RodriguezPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
Emily KintzerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Medical Center, United States.
Julie ListDepartment of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States.
Monica LypsonF. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, United States.
Joseph H GrochowalskiFordham University, United States.
Paul R MarantzDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States.
Cristina M GonzalezDepartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, United States. Electronic address: crgonzal@montefiore.org.
Albert Einstein College of Medicine · USFordham University · USMontefiore Medical Center · USUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

CTSA Administrative Supplement for Informatics Core: A novel AI/ML system to predict respiratory failure and ARDS in Covid-19 patientsUL1TR002556 · NCATS · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI KELLER, MARLA J, KIM, MIMI Y · 2018 to 2022
$26.7M
Institutional Career Development CoreKL2TR002558 · NCATS · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI MARANTZ, PAUL R · 2018 to 2022
$2.7M
Education and training program in patient-centered outcomes researchR25HS023199 · AHRQ · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI MARANTZ, PAUL R · 2014 to 2018
$2.5M
NRSA Training CoreTL1TR002557 · NCATS · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI MARANTZ, PAUL R · 2018 to 2022
$1.0M
Does Implicit Bias Influence Medical Decision-Making? Developing and Validating Novel Models and Outcome MetricsK23MD014178 · NIMHD · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GONZALEZ, CRISTINA M · 2019 to 2023
$853k
AHRQ HHS R25 HS023199NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR002558NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR002557NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002556NIMHD NIH HHS K23 MD014178
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImplicit bias instruction is becoming more prevalent across the continuum of medical education. Little guidance exists for faculty on recognizing and debriefing about implicit bias during routine clinical encounters.

objectiveTo assess the impact and feasibility of single seminars on implicit bias and the approach to its management in clinical settings.

methodsBetween September 2016 and November 2017, the authors delivered five departmental/divisional grand rounds across three different academic medical centers in New York, USA. Instruction provided background information on implicit bias, highlighted its relevance to clinical care, and discussed proposed interventions. To evaluate the impact of instruction participants completed a twelve-item retrospective pre-intervention/post-intervention survey. Questions related to comfort and confidence in recognizing and managing implicit bias, debriefing with learners, and role-modeling behaviors. Participants identified strategies for recognizing and managing potentially biased events through free text prompts. Authors qualitatively analyzed participants' identified strategies.

resultsWe received 116 completed surveys from 203 participants (57% response rate). Participants self-reported confidence and comfort increased for all questions. Qualitative analysis resulted in three themes: looking inward, looking outward, and taking action at individual and institutional levels.

conclusionAfter a single session, respondents reported increased confidence and comfort with the topic. They identified strategies relevant to their professional contexts which can inform future skills-based interventions. For healthcare organizations responding to calls for implicit bias training, this approach has great promise. It is feasible and can reach a wide audience through usual grand rounds programming, serving as an effective early step in such training.

Indexed as

Students, MedicalCurriculumFacultyHumansPrejudiceRetrospective StudiesFaculty developmentHealth disparitiesImplicit biasMedical educationUnconscious bias

Identifiers

PMID34140145
PMCPMC8556183
OpenAlexW3172975764

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.