ArticleBMC public health2021
Structural inequities in seasonal influenza vaccination rates.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Same household, different choices: variation in health behaviors related to respiratory viruses in Illinois.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Influenza vaccine uptake among healthcare workers in GCC countries: a narrative review of enablers and barriers.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Implementation strategies to increase seasonal influenza vaccination among adults: A rapid scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Determinants of Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among Rural Populations in a Southeastern U.S. State.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Closing the Gap in Race-based Inequities for Seasonal Influenza Hospitalizations: A Modeling Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Building and Sustaining Flu Vaccine Acceptance and Trust in the Black Community through Partnerships with Churches, Salons, and Barbershops.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Mapping Behavioral and Social Drivers of Influenza Vaccine Uptake in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- A Latent Profile Analysis of COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy among Economically Marginalized Hispanic Mothers of Children under Five Years of Age in the US.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Article
- Multi-level determinants of vaccination of the American Indian and Alaska Native population: a comprehensive overview.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Charity coverage and decreased COVID-19 mortality among uninsured patients in Texas: A retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic disparities in influenza vaccination among older adults in United States.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Adult influenza vaccination coverage before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluating equity-promoting interventions to prevent race-based inequities in influenza outcomes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- County-Level Factors Associated With Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination in Indiana, 2020‒2022.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Unpacking Intersectional Inequities in Flu Vaccination by Sexuality, Gender, and Race-Ethnicity in the United States.Journal of health and social behavior · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among American Indian and Alaska native college students: the roles of discrimination, historical trauma, and healthcare system distrust.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza immunization is a highly effective method of reducing illness, hospitalization and mortality from this disease. However, influenza vaccination rates in the U.S. remain below public health targets and persistent structural inequities reduce the likelihood that Black, American Indian and Alaska Native, Latina/o, Asian groups, and populations of low socioeconomic status will receive the influenza vaccine.
methodsWe analyzed correlates of influenza vaccination rates using the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the year 2020. Our analysis compared influenza vaccination as the outcome of interest with the variables age, sex, race, education, income, geographic location, health insurance status, access to primary care, history of delaying care due to cost, and comorbidities such as: asthma, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, body mass index, cancer and diabetes.
resultsNon-Hispanic White (46.5%) and Asian (44.1%) participants are more likely to receive the influenza vaccine compared to Non-Hispanic Black (36.7%), Hispanic (33.9%), American Indian/Alaskan Native (36.6%), and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (37.9%) participants. We found persistent structural inequities that predict influenza vaccination, within and across racial and ethnic groups, including not having health insurance [OR: 0.51 (0.47-0.55)], not having regular access to primary care [OR: 0.50 (0.48-0.52)], and the need to delay medical care due to cost [OR: 0.75 (0.71-0.79)].
conclusionAs COVID-19 vaccination efforts evolve, it is important for physicians and policymakers to identify the structural impediments to equitable U.S. influenza vaccination so that future vaccination campaigns are not impeded by these barriers to immunization.
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