ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2021
Interleukin-8 and lower severity of depression in females, but not males, with treatment-resistant depression.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards causal inference-based antidepressant selection with brain and blood biomarkers.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Interleukin-8 and depressive responses to an inflammatory challenge: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Divergent Inflammatory Profiles but No Predictive Biomarkers of Psychiatric Sequelae After Viral Infection: A 12-Month Cohort Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Cytokines as a Shared Pathophysiological Pathway in Depression and Chronic Insomnia: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- SSRI-induced modulation of cytokines, barrier permeability, and BDNF in adolescent depression.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Role of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review of Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Inflammatory and Oxidative Biological Profiles in Mental Disorders: Perspectives on Diagnostics and Personalized Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Adolescent depression, childhood maltreatment, and the immune system; a role for epigenetic aging?Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Mechanisms Underlying Treatment-Resistant Depression: Exploring Sex-Based Biological Differences.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- IL-8 and IL-1RA serum levels predicting depression treatment response in 6-week follow-up.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Regulation of Interleukins in Chronic Pain: A Widely Recognized but Difficult-to-Tackle Factor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The immunological perspective of major depressive disorder: unveiling the interactions between central and peripheral immune mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- C-reactive protein concentrations diverge as a function of substance use disorder: A pre-registered replication in a clinical sample.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- IL-8 (CXCL8) Correlations with Psychoneuroimmunological Processes and Neuropsychiatric Conditions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Analysis of BoDV-1 status, EEG resting-state alpha activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines in adults with and without major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Abnormalities in Electroencephalographic Microstates in Patients with Late-Life Depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Structural brain plasticity and inflammation are independently related to changes in depressive symptoms six months after an index ECT course.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Sex-specific associations between plasma interleukin-6 and depression in persons with and without HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Inflammatory Blood Signature Related to Common Psychological Comorbidity in Chronic Pain.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Selected Biomarkers of Depression: What Are the Effects of Cytokines and Inflammation?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIn cross-sectional studies of depressed patients, relationships between depression and levels of IL-8 are inconsistent, and have not been examined in relation to sex. Given identified sex differences in longitudinal data, it is important to evaluate sex-specific cross-sectional relationships between IL-8 and depressive symptoms, which may explain some inconsistency in the extant literature. It is further unknown whether IL-8 levels may relate to specific symptom profiles among depressed patients, with or without regard to sex.
methodsAmong 108 patients with treatment resistant depression (50 females), we evaluated cross-sectional relationships between IL-8 and depression severity, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HAM-D] Score, and examined sex-specific relationships, as well as relationships with depressive symptom profiles. Other inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CRP) were also explored in relation to HAM-D.
resultsHigher IL-8 was associated with lower total HAM-D score (standardized β = -0.19, p = 0.049). Sex-specific effects were identified (IL-8 x sex interaction: p = 0.03), in which higher IL-8 related to lower HAM-D score in females (standardized β = -0.41, p = 0.004, effect size (sr
conclusionsIL-8 may be related to anxiety symptoms across sexes, but may have a sex-specific relationship with other depressive symptoms. Further evaluation of sex-specific relationships between IL-8, depression symptom profiles, treatment response, and potential neurobiological correlates, may inform mechanisms of depression pathophysiology and aid in development of precision medicine strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.