Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34139414›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021

COVID-19 lockdown impact on mental health in a large representative sample of Italian adults.

Andrea Amerio, Alessandra Lugo, Chiara Stival, Tiziana Fanucchi, Giuseppe Gorini, Roberta Pacifici, Anna Odone, Gianluca Serafini, Silvano Gallus

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Andrea AmerioDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Alessandra LugoDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Chiara StivalDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Tiziana FanucchiSOD Alcologia - Centro Alcologico Regionale Toscano, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
Giuseppe GoriniOncologic Network, Prevention and Research Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
Roberta PacificiNational Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Anna OdoneDepartment of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: anna.odone@unipv.it.
Gianluca SerafiniDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Silvano GallusDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe potential benefits of the COVID-19 lockdown need to be carefully weighed versus the possible impact on people's daily life and negative mental health effects.We aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia and quality of life before and during the COVID-19 lockdown,identifying subgroups at higher risk of mental distress as a consequence of COVID-19 associated restrictions.

methodsWithin the Lost in Italy project, a web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of 6003 Italian adults aged 18-74 recruited from April 27 to May 3, 2020, within the nation-wide stay-at-home order.

resultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) increased from 14.3% before lockdown to 33.2% during lockdown, anxiety symptoms (GAD-2 ≥ 3) from 18.1% to 41.5%, insufficient sleep (≤6 h/day) from 33.7% to 41.1%, unsatisfactory sleep from 17.0% to 38.8% and unsatisfactory quality of life from 13.1% to 42.1%.Overall, 47.7% reported worsened depressive symptoms, 43.6% worsened anxiety symptoms, sleep quantity (31.5%) and quality (35.0%),and 64.1% worsened quality of life.A statistically significant relationship with all mental health outcomes considered was found for women vs. men (multivariate odds ratio,OR between 1.13 and 1.63), for current vs. never smokers (OR between 1.15 and 1.25), and with increasing physical activity (p for trend<0.001 for all the indicators).The use of at least one psychotropic drug increased by 20% compared to pre-lockdown (from 9.5% to 11.4%).

conclusionsThis is the first cross-sectional study conducted in Italy on a representative sample of adults to testify the huge implications of the lockdown on mental health.

Indexed as

COVID-19Mental HealthAdultAnxietyCommunicable Disease ControlCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansItalyMaleQuality of LifeSARS-CoV-2Covid-19Lost in italyMental healthRepresentative survey

Identifiers

PMID34139414
PMCPMC8777065

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.