ArticleJournal of cardiac failure2021
Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist in the Current Era of Pediatric Heart Transplantation.
Article in Journal of cardiac failure, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Perpetual Cycle of Racial Bias in Healthcare and Healthcare Education: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- Short-term outcomes of pediatric HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device: single center experience.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- Impact of Peak Donor Troponin and Donor Troponin Trends on Pediatric Heart Transplant Outcomes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Association of Child Opportunity Index with Outcomes in Pediatric Supraventricular Tachycardia.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Risk factors affecting mortality in pediatric heart transplantation: A comprehensive review of pre- and post-transplant contributors.JHLT open · 2025Article
- Disparities in lung transplantation in children.Pediatric pulmonology · 2024Review
- Addressing Disparities in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease: A Call for Equitable Health Care.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Review
- Modifiable risk factor reduction for pediatric ventricular assist devices and the influence of persistent modifiable risk factors at transplant.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2024Article
- Smartphone-Based Virtual and Augmented Reality Implicit Association Training (VARIAT) for Reducing Implicit Biases Toward Patients Among Health Care Providers: App Development and Pilot Testing.JMIR serious games · 2024Article
- Effects of Sociodemographic Factors on Access to and Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease in the United States.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Racial disparity exists in the utilization and post-transplant survival benefit of ventricular assist device support in children.The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2023Article
- Temporal trends in primary payers in pediatric heart transplant and association with long-term survival.Pediatric transplantation · 2023Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outcomes Among Newborns with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Incidence and Prognosis of Perioperative Stroke Among Pediatric Cardiac Transplant Recipients.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Evolving Trends and Widening Racial Disparities in Children Listed for Heart Transplantation in the United States.Circulation · 2022Article
- Sex disparities in the current era of pediatric heart transplantation in the United States.The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that children in the United States who were of racial and ethnic minorities have inferior waitlist and post-heart transplant (HT) outcomes. Whether these disparities still exist in the contemporary era of increased ventricular assist device use remains unknown.
methodsAll children (age <18 years) in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database listed for HT from December 2011 to February 2019 were included and were separated into 5 races/ethnicities: Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Asian, and Other. Differences in clinical characteristics and survival among children of different racial/ethnic groups were compared at listing and at HT.
resultsThe waitlist cohort consisted of 2134 (52.2%) Caucasian, 840 (20.5%) African American, 808 (19.8%) Hispanic, 161 (3.9%) Asian, and 146 children of Other races (3.6%). At listing, Asian children mostly had cardiomyopathy (70.8%), whereas Caucasian children had congenital heart disease (58.7%). African American children were most likely to be listed as Status 1A and to have renal dysfunction and hypoalbuminemia at listing. African American and Hispanic children were most likely to be on Medicaid. After multivariable analysis, it was found that only African American children were at increased risk for waitlist mortality as compared to Caucasian children (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.25; P = 0.029). Post-HT, there were no disparities in early and midterm graft survival among groups, but African American children had increased numbers of rejection episodes compared to Caucasian and Hispanic children.
conclusionAfrican American children continue to experience increased waitlist mortality and have increased rejection episodes post-HT. Studies exploring barriers to health care access and implicit bias as reasons for these disparities need to be conducted.
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