ArticleCell2021
An infectivity-enhancing site on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein targeted by antibodies.
Article in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 286 citations in OpenAlex.
- Humoral immunity and safety of respiratory virus vaccines in systemic lupus erythematosus population: a meta-analysis based on twenty-five observational studies.Annals of medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Does potential antibody-dependent enhancement occur during SARS-CoV-2 infection after natural infection or vaccination? A meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Vaccines for COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Immunogenicity, Current Development, and Future Prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Structural serology of polyclonal antibody responses to mRNA-1273 and NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 vaccines.Cell reports · 2025Trial
- New visual culture of science: analysis of graphical abstracts in the life science journal "Cell".History and philosophy of the life sciences · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of antibody-dependent enhancement and its research progress in animal coronaviruses.Veterinary research · 2026Review
- Occurrence of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Avian Infectious Bronchitis in Target Animal Experiments.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Zooming into Disease at the Nanoscale: High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy in Biomedical Discovery.ACS nano · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody-dependent enhancement of infection depends on antibody binding to both ACE2 and Fc receptors.JCI insight · 2026Article
- A SARS-CoV-2 variant-induced NTD-targeting antibody enhances viral infection via a distinctive binding mode.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- B Cell Receptor's function in virus entry: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 B cell receptors can mediate viral entry in an ACE2-independent mechanism.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Enhancing monoclonal antibody diversity by integrating bulk sorting and machine learning.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2, the impact of variants and vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- The F1148 hydrophobic lock: A critical determinant of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated membrane fusion via the 3H/CH cavity.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Dual-Locking the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Trimer: An Amphipathic Molecular "Bolt" Stabilizes Conserved Druggable Interfaces for Coronavirus Inhibition.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Natural and Designed Cyclic Peptides as Potential Antiviral Drugs to Combat Future Coronavirus Outbreaks.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A high-throughput, fully automated competition assay to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing responses and epitope specificity in clinical samples.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- NIEAs elicited by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 primary infection fail to enhance the infectivity of Omicron variants.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronaviruses.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
37 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the effects of antibodies against other spike protein domains are largely unknown. Here, we screened a series of anti-spike monoclonal antibodies from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and found that some of antibodies against the N-terminal domain (NTD) induced the open conformation of RBD and thus enhanced the binding capacity of the spike protein to ACE2 and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Mutational analysis revealed that all of the infectivity-enhancing antibodies recognized a specific site on the NTD. Structural analysis demonstrated that all infectivity-enhancing antibodies bound to NTD in a similar manner. The antibodies against this infectivity-enhancing site were detected at high levels in severe patients. Moreover, we identified antibodies against the infectivity-enhancing site in uninfected donors, albeit at a lower frequency. These findings demonstrate that not only neutralizing antibodies but also enhancing antibodies are produced during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.