SynthesisInternal medicine journal2022
Risk factors, treatment and outcomes of subacute thyroiditis secondary to COVID-19: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Internal medicine journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid function during COVID-19 and post-COVID complications in adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Subacute thyroiditis following COVID-19: A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19-Associated Subacute Thyroiditis: Evidence-Based Data From a Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- How to manage subacute thyroiditis.Drugs in context · 2026Review
- COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Feasibility assessment of a multiple logistic regression model utilizing serum FT3, FT4, and TSH to predict prognosis of pulmonary infection in elderly patients.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Observational
- Euthyroid Sick Syndrome as an Index of Prognosis in Severe COVID-19 Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Concomitant Exacerbation of Graves Orbitopathy and Double-Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis after SARS-CoV-2 Infection.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus in thyroid disease: an integrated immunovirological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The co-occurrence of SAT, hypophysitis, and Schnitzler syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination: the first described case.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2024Review
- Clinical use of thyroglobulin: not only thyroid cancer.Endocrine · 2024Review
- Subacute thyroiditis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Subacute Thyroiditis in the Time of COVID-19.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Increased Risk of Thyroid Eye Disease Following Covid-19 Vaccination.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Subacute Thyroiditis in Active COVID-19 Infection: A Report of Two Cases With a Systematic Review of the Literature.Cureus · 2024Article
- Clinical Aspects in Subacute Thyroiditis: A Real-Life Study on 226 Cases in Greece Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA): past, present, and future implications.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Review
- Insights into SARS-CoV-2-associated subacute thyroiditis: from infection to vaccine.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Long-term outcome of thyroid abnormalities in patients with severe Covid-19.European thyroid journal · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2, fertility and assisted reproduction.Human reproduction update · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19 is known to cause an acute respiratory illness, although clinical manifestations outside of the respiratory tract may occur. Early reports have identified SARS-CoV-2 as a cause of subacute thyroiditis (SAT).
methodsA systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, Web of Science and PubMed databases were queried in February 2021 for studies from December 2019 to February 2021. MeSH search terms 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV-2' and 'coronavirus' along with search terms 'thyroiditis', 'thyrotoxicosis' and 'thyroid' were used. Descriptive statistics for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables were calculated.
resultsFifteen publications reporting on 17 individual cases of COVID-19-induced SAT were identified. Age ranged from 18 to 69 years. The majority (14 of 17; 82%) of cases were female. The delay between onset of respiratory symptoms and diagnosis of SAT ranged from 5 to 49 days (mean, 26.5). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome related to viral infection was uncommonly reported at the time of SAT diagnosis. Thyroid ultrasonography frequently reported an enlarged hypoechoic thyroid with decreased vascularity and heterogenous echotexture. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) was common at the time of SAT diagnosis, with results ranging from 4.5 to 176 mg/L (mean, 41 mg/L). Antithyroid antibodies were frequently negative. SAT-specific treatment included corticosteroids for 12 of 17 (70.5%) patients. Most returned to normal thyroid status.
conclusionCOVID-19-associated SAT may be difficult to identify in a timely manner due to potential absence of classic symptoms, as well as cross-over of common clinical features between COVID-19 and thyrotoxicosis.
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Registered trials
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