SynthesisPloS one2021
The development of laparoscopic skills using virtual reality simulations: A systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Identifying Research Priorities in Digital Education for Health Care: Umbrella Review and Modified Delphi Method Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Acceptance and use of extended reality in surgical training: an umbrella review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of simulator fidelity on skill acquisition and trainee satisfaction in arthroscopic surgery training for novices: a prospective randomized comparative study.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025Trial
- Enhancing laparoscopic surgery training: a comparative study of traditional models and automated error detection system.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Evaluating Laparoscopic Simulation Training for Preclinical Osteopathic Medical Students.Cureus · 2026Article
- Case-based virtual reality simulation for penetrating facial wound suture skill training in medical students: design and pilot study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Virtual Reality Simulation for Cleft Education in a Low-resource Setting: Connecting Surgeons Worldwide.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Measuring students' perceptions of virtual reality for learning anatomy using the general extended technology acceptance model for E-learning.Anatomical sciences education · 2025Article
- Innovative approaches to pericardiocentesis training: a comparative study of 3D-printed and virtual reality simulation models.Advances in simulation (London, England) · 2025Article
- Reviewing the current state of virtual reality integration in medical education - a scoping review.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Haptic based fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery simulation for training with objective assessments.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2024Article
- Modeling of Learning Processes Using Continuous-Time Markov Chain for Virtual-Reality-Based Surgical Training in Laparoscopic Surgery.IEEE transactions on learning technologies · 2024Article
- Training residents in minimally invasive surgery; confirming competence or hoping for the best?Veterinary surgery : VS · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTeaching based on virtual reality simulators in medicine has expanded in recent years due to the limitations of more traditional methods, especially for surgical procedures such as laparoscopy. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To analyze the effects of using virtual reality simulations on the development of laparoscopic skills in medical students and physicians. DATA SOURCES: The literature screening was done in April 2020 through Medline (PubMed), EMBASE and Database of the National Institute of Health. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomized clinical trials that subjected medical students and physicians to training in laparoscopic skills in virtual reality simulators. STUDY APPRAISAL: Paired reviewers independently identified 1529 articles and included 7 trials that met the eligibility criteria.
findingsIn all studies, participants that trained in virtual simulators showed improvements in laparoscopic skills, although the articles that also had a physical model training group did not show better performance of one model compared to the other. LIMITATIONS: No article beyond 2015 met the eligibility criteria, and the analyzed simulators have different versions and models, which might impact the results.
conclusionVirtual reality simulators are useful educational tools, but do not show proven significant advantages over traditional models. The lack of standardization and a scarcity of articles makes comparative analysis between simulators difficult, requiring more research in the area, according to the model suggested in this review. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: Registered by the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), identification code CRD42020176479.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.