ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
Targeting the αv integrin/TGF-β axis improves natural killer cell function against glioblastoma stem cells.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 201 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
201 citing papers in PubMed, 239 citations in OpenAlex.
- Next-generation natural killer cell therapy: bench to bedside and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Preparations Demonstrate Potent Antitumor Activity Against Human Glioblastoma In Vitro and In Vivo.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Harnessing Natural Killer Cells: From Neuroimmunology to Novel Therapies for Central Nervous System Diseases.MedComm · 2026Review
- Synergistic Regulation of Tumor Immunity by Integrins and Lectins: From Molecular Mechanisms to Dual-Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- LRIG2 suppresses NK cell-induced GSDME-mediated pyroptosis via the LAMP1-STAT3 pathway in glioma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy for Glioma: A compartmental framework for resistance and rational combination design.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Cellular adhesion-dependent 3D morphogenesis indicating brain tumor aggressiveness and chemosensitivity in spherical cavity culture.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Advancing CAR-NK cell therapy in solid tumors: Current landscape and future directions.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- CAR-NK cell therapy for hematological malignancies.Blood advances · 2026Review
- Integrin-mediated mechanotransduction in the tumor microenvironment: macrophage-centered signaling mechanisms and immune remodeling.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Circumventing Ewing sarcoma tumor microenvironment resistance by IL1RAP CAR-modified TGFβ1-imprinted natural killer cells in combination with IL-15 agonist and anti-GD2 antibody.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Reprogramming Antitumor Immunity: NK Cell Strategies to Navigate the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Targeting cytokine/chemokine signaling to convert immunologically cold tumors into hot: Emerging strategies in cancer immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Review
- Symbiotic exclusivity between CLOCK and TFPI2 drives stemness and immunosuppression in glioblastoma models.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Rapid CAR screening and circRNA-driven CAR-NK cells for persistent shed-resistant immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- The TGF-βR1 inhibitor galunisertib re-shapes the PDAC-TME by limiting decidual-like natural killer cells polarization.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma-natural killer cell crosstalk: insights from dynamic spheroid models reveal the importance of secreted cytokines and the CD155 axis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- <p>Tumor microenvironment in bone sarcomas: Implications for immunotherapy and emerging therapeutic vulnerabilities (Review)</p>.Oncology reports · 2026Review
141 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
50 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive brain cancer, recurs because glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are resistant to all standard therapies. We showed that GSCs, but not normal astrocytes, are sensitive to lysis by healthy allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells in vitro. Mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing of primary tumor samples revealed that GBM tumor-infiltrating NK cells acquired an altered phenotype associated with impaired lytic function relative to matched peripheral blood NK cells from patients with GBM or healthy donors. We attributed this immune evasion tactic to direct cell-to-cell contact between GSCs and NK cells via αv integrin-mediated TGF-β activation. Treatment of GSC-engrafted mice with allogeneic NK cells in combination with inhibitors of integrin or TGF-β signaling or with TGFBR2 gene-edited allogeneic NK cells prevented GSC-induced NK cell dysfunction and tumor growth. These findings reveal an important mechanism of NK cell immune evasion by GSCs and suggest the αv integrin/TGF-β axis as a potentially useful therapeutic target in GBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.