ArticleJournal of medical virology2021
Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is transiently elevated in COVID-19 and correlates with specific inflammatory and endothelial markers.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endotheliopathy in Acute COVID-19 and Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A distinct effector B cell population drives autoantibody production in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Immunity · 2026Article
- Vascular Immune Crosstalk in COVID-19: RAAS Biomarker Signature Linking Angiotensin II to Respiratory Compromise and Soluble ACE2 to IL-13 and FGF, Revealing Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Is long-term disruption of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system associated with long COVID? A retrospective cohort study among healthcare workers.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The dual role of ACE2 in viral infections and neurodegeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Review
- Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 in human brain and its association with Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Dynamic Interaction Between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Infection in Human Respiratory Tissues and Cells.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in patients with sepsis associate with comorbidities but neither with mortality nor with organ failure.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Integrated renin angiotensin system dysregulation and immune profiles predict COVID-19 disease severity in a South African cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Autoantibodies targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 are prevalent and not induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Elevated Soluble ACE2 Activity in Children and Adults After SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Irrespective of Laboratory-Confirmed Infection.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Modulation of the pharmacokinetics of soluble ACE2 decoy receptors through glycosylation.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Shared genetics and causal association between plasma levels of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 and Alzheimer's disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Levels of circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 are affected by acute exercise and correlate with markers of physical fitness in male athletes.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II (Ang II), miR-141-3p, and miR-421 levels in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in COVID-19 Disease: Where We Are 3 Years after the Beginning of the Pandemic.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
- Low vitamin D levels predict outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with both severe and non-severe disease at hospitalization.Endocrine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The main entry receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). SARS-CoV-2 interactions with ACE2 may increase ectodomain shedding but consequences for the renin-angiotensin system and pathology in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unclear. We measured soluble ACE2 (sACE2) and sACE levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 114 hospital-treated COVID-19 patients compared with 10 healthy controls; follow-up samples after four months were analyzed for 58 patients. Associations between sACE2 respectively sACE and risk factors for severe COVID-19, outcome, and inflammatory markers were investigated. Levels of sACE2 were higher in COVID-19 patients than in healthy controls, median 5.0 (interquartile range 2.8-11.8) ng/ml versus 1.4 (1.1-1.6) ng/ml, p < .0001. sACE2 was higher in men than women but was not affected by other risk factors for severe COVID-19. sACE2 decreased to 2.3 (1.6-3.9) ng/ml at follow-up, p < .0001, but remained higher than in healthy controls, p = .012. sACE was marginally lower during COVID-19 compared with at follow-up, 57 (45-70) ng/ml versus 72 (52-87) ng/ml, p = .008. Levels of sACE2 and sACE did not differ depending on survival or disease severity. sACE2 during COVID-19 correlated with von Willebrand factor, factor VIII and D-dimer, while sACE correlated with interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Conclusions: sACE2 was transiently elevated in COVID-19, likely due to increased shedding from infected cells. sACE2 and sACE during COVID-19 differed in correlations with markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting release from different cell types and/or vascular beds.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.