Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34137853›Full record

ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2022

Racial Segregation and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in the United States: Findings From the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study.

Joy Bohyun Jang, Margaret T Hicken, Megan Mullins, Michael Esposito, Ketlyne Sol, Jennifer J Manly, Suzanne Judd, Virginia Wadley, Philippa J Clarke

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  5. Neighborhood racial income inequality and cognitive health.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024
    Article
  6. Race, community disadvantage, and cognitive decline: Findings from KHANDLE and STAR.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Joy Bohyun JangInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Margaret T HickenInstitute for Social Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Megan MullinsRogel Cancer Center, Center for Improving Patient and Population Health, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Michael EspositoDepartment of Sociology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Ketlyne SolInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6716-6927
Jennifer J ManlyTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Suzanne JuddDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
Virginia WadleyDepartment of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
Philippa J ClarkeInstitute for Social Research, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4925-2968
University of Michigan · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USColumbia University · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

VCID and Stroke in a Bi-racial National CohortU01NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2002 to 2022
$96.0M
Racial inequalities in health throughout adulthood: The cumulative impact of neighborhood chemical and non-chemical stressors on epigenomic pathwaysR01MD013299 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HICKEN, MARGARET TAKAKO · 2018 to 2022
$3.7M
Cognitive Resilience and Community Context: Examining the role of Neighborhood Built and Social Environments for Slowing the Progression of Dementia among older AmericansRF1AG057540 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI CLARKE, PHILIPPA · 2017 to 2019
$3.0M
Interdisciplinary Research Training Center in Cancer Care DeliveryT32CA236621 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Lauren P Wallner · 2020 to 2026
$2.8M
NCI NIH HHS T32 CA236621NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG057540NINDS NIH HHSNINDS NIH HHS U01 NS041588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesResidential segregation is one of the fundamental features of health disparities in the United States. Yet little research has examined how living in segregated metropolitan areas is related to cognitive function and cognitive decline with age. We examined the association between segregation at the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level and trajectories of age-related cognitive function.

methodUsing data from Black and White older adults in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (n = 18,913), we employed linear growth curve models to examine how living in racially segregated MSAs at baseline, measured by the degree of non-Hispanic Black (NHB) isolation and NHB dissimilarity, was associated with trajectories of age-related cognitive function and how the associations varied by race and education.

resultsLiving in MSAs with greater levels of isolation was associated with lower cognitive function (b = -0.093, p < .05) but was not associated with rates of change in cognitive decline with age. No effects of living in isolated MSAs were found for those with at least a high school education, but older adults with less than a high school education had lower cognitive function in MSAs with greater isolation (b = -0.274, p < .05). The degree of dissimilarity was not associated with cognitive function. The association between segregation and cognitive function did not vary by race. DISCUSSION: Metropolitan segregation was associated with lower cognitive function among older adults, especially for those with lower education living in racially isolated MSAs. This suggests complex associations between individual socioeconomic status, place, and cognitive health.

Indexed as

Social SegregationStrokeAgedBlack or African AmericanCognitionHumansRace FactorsResidence CharacteristicsSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesWhite PeopleCognitive functionMultilevel linear modelRacial segregationREGARDS study

Identifiers

PMID34137853
PMCPMC9159056
OpenAlexW3166414458

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.