Trial reportMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2021
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study with Dipyridamole for Restless Legs Syndrome.
Trial report in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Putative Animal Models of Restless Legs Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Evaluation of Their Face and Construct Validity.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol in the treatment of restless legs syndrome.Journal of neurology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Dopaminergic hypersensitivity of the opioid-responsive striatal-entopeduncular pathway in a rodent model of restless legs syndrome.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Pharmacological rescue of mitochondrial dysfunction, neurite degeneration, and premature death of ALS and AD iPSC-derived neurons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Adenosine ABiomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Sleep Related Movement Disorders: What's New and Changing Clinical Practice.Journal of sleep research · 2025Review
- Review of the role of the endogenous opioid and melanocortin systems in the restless legs syndrome.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Targeting corticostriatal transmission for the treatment of cannabinoid use disorder.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2023Review
- Clinical Evaluation of Sleep Disorders in Parkinson's Disease.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Sex modulates the outcome of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- A Narrative Review of the Lesser Known Medications for Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome and Pathogenetic Implications for Their Use.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Vitamin D and Restless Legs Syndrome: A Review of Current Literature.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Brain-iron deficiency models of restless legs syndrome.Experimental neurology · 2022Review
- Treatment initiation and utilization patterns of pharmacotherapies for early-onset idiopathic restless legs syndrome.Sleep medicine · 2022Article
- Adenosine, caffeine, and sleep-wake regulation: state of the science and perspectives.Journal of sleep research · 2022Review
- Restless legs syndrome: Over 50 years of European contribution.Journal of sleep research · 2022Review
- Brain Iron Deficiency Changes the Stoichiometry of Adenosine Receptor Subtypes in Cortico-Striatal Terminals: Implications for Restless Legs Syndrome.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Functional and pharmacological role of the dopamine DFrontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNew pharmacological targets are needed for restless legs syndrome. Preclinical data suggest that a hypoadenosinergic state plays an important pathogenetic role.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transporters, for example, dipyridamole, could provide effective symptomatic treatment.
methodsA 2-week double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study assessed the efficacy of dipyridamole (possible up-titration to 300 mg) in untreated patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome. Multiple suggested immobilization tests and polysomnography were performed after each treatment phase. Severity was assessed weekly using the International Restless Legs Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression, and the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep scale. The primary end point was therapeutic response.
resultsTwenty-eight of 29 patients recruited were included. International Restless Legs Rating Scale scores improved from a mean ± standard deviation of 24.1 ± 3.1 at baseline to 11.1 ± 2.3 at the end of week 2, versus 23.7 ± 3.4 to 18.7 ± 3.2 under placebo (P < 0.001). Clinical Global Impression, Medical Outcomes Study Sleep, and Multiple Suggested Immobilization Test scores all improved (P < 0.001). The mean effective dose of dipyridamole was 217.8 ± 33.1 mg/d. Sleep variables improved. The mean periodic leg movement index at the end of treatment with dipyridamole was 8.2 ± 3.5 versus. 28.1 ± 6.7 under placebo. Side effects (dipyridamole vs placebo) included abdominal distension (18% vs. 7%), dizziness (10.7% vs 7.1%), diarrhea, and asthenia (each 7.1% vs 3.6%).
conclusionsDipyridamole has significant therapeutic effects on both sensory and motor symptoms of restless legs syndrome and on sleep. Our findings confirm the efficacy of dipyridamole in restless legs syndrome predicted from preclinical studies and support a key role of adenosine in restless legs syndrome. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.