Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34136673›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2021

Determination and health risk assessment of trace elements in the tap water of two Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Bitew K Dessie, Sirak Robele Gari, Adane Mihret, Adey F Desta, Bewketu Mehari

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. Study of the Trace Element Composition of Drinking Water in Almaty City and Human Health Risk Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Bitew K DessieDepartment of Water and Public Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Sirak Robele GariDepartment of Water and Public Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Adane MihretArmauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Adey F DestaDepartment of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Bewketu MehariCollege of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Ethiopian Public Health Institute · ETAddis Ababa University · ETArmauer Hansen Research Institute · ETUniversity of Gondar · ET

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water is an essential component of all living things on earth and the contamination of water by heavy metals can cause detrimental health effects. This study aimed to determine the health risk posed by trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Co, Pb, and As) present in the drinking water supplies of Gullele and Akaki-Kality Sub-Cities, upstream and downstream parts of Addis Ababa, respectively. The concentrations of the potentially toxic trace elements in the water samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The highest concentration of the heavy metals was observed for Iron. Cadmium and cobalt were not detected in any of the tap water samples. Samples from Gullele contained higher levels of Fe and Mn, 220.3 ± 0.17 and 19.78 ± 0.08 μg/L, respectively compared to Akaki-Kality, 38.87 ± 0.14 and 2.08 ± 0.01 μg/L, respectively. Conversely, tap water from Akaki-Kality contained significantly higher levels of As than that from Gullele. Additionally, Cr and Ni were detected only in samples from Akaki-Kality, which might be due to the various industries in the area. The highest incremental lifetime cancer risk was found for arsenic, with values for children and adults in Akaki-Kality 2.50 × 10

Indexed as

Addis AbabaChronic daily intakeEthiopiaHazard quotientIncremental lifetime cancer riskTrace elementsWater quality

Identifiers

PMID34136673
PMCPMC8180607
OpenAlexW3163797580

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.