Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34136107›Full record

ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2021

Oncogenic RAS drives the CRAF-dependent extracellular vesicle uptake mechanism coupled with metastasis.

Dongsic Choi, Laura Montermini, Brian Meehan, Anthoula Lazaris, Peter Metrakos, Janusz Rak

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Intercellular Molecular Transfer Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024
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  19. IMP1/IGF2BP1 in human colorectal cancer extracellular vesicles.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Dongsic ChoiDepartment of Biochemistry College of Medicine Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Chungcheongnam Republic of Korea.
Laura MonterminiResearch Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Glen Site McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada.
Brian MeehanResearch Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Glen Site McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada.
Anthoula LazarisCancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Glen Site McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada.
Peter MetrakosCancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Glen Site McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada.
Janusz RakResearch Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Glen Site McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada.
McGill University Health Centre · CASoonchunhyang University · KR

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oncogenic RAS impacts communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment, but it is unclear how this process influences cellular interactions with extracellular vesicles (EVs). This is important as intercellular EV trafficking plays a key role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Here we report that overexpression of mutant RAS drives the EV internalization switch from endocytosis (in non-transformed cells) to macropinocytosis (in cancer cells) resulting in enhanced EV uptake. This process depends on the surface proteoglycan, fibronectin and EV engulfment mechanism regulated by CRAF. Both mutant RAS and activated CRAF expression is associated with formation of membrane ruffles to which they colocalize along with actin, sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHEs) and phosphorylated myosin phosphatase (pMYPT). RAS-transformed cells internalize EVs in the vicinity of ruffled structures followed by apparent trafficking to lysosome and degradation. NHE inhibitor (EIPA) suppresses RAS-driven EV uptake, along with adhesion-independent clonal growth and experimental metastasis in mice. Thus, EV uptake may represent a targetable step in progression of RAS-driven cancers.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiological TransportCell CommunicationCell Line, TumorCell Transformation, NeoplasticEndocytosisExtracellular VesiclesGenes, rasHumansMiceMice, SCIDNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplastic ProcessesPinocytosisProto-Oncogene Proteins c-rafras ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-rafRaf1 protein, humanras Proteinsextracellular vesiclesmacropinocytosismetastasisNHERAFRASuptake

Identifiers

PMID34136107
PMCPMC8191585
OpenAlexW3166899870

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.