ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2021
Compositional Differences in the Oral Microbiome of E-cigarette Users.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between self-reported vaping and the human oral microbiome: a systematic review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Electronic Cigarette Use on the Oral Microbiota: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Pooled it
- Levilactobacillus brevis CD2 as a multifaceted probiotic to preserve oral health: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Taxonomic and Functional Transitions in the Salivary Microbiome During Periodontal Disease Progression.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Observational
- Preliminary species-dependent growth responses of selected oral bacteria to e-cigarette Liquids and aerosol extracts: a single-species in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Subgingival Microbiome in Young Adult Cigarette Smokers, E-Cigarette Users, and Non-Smokers.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Microbiota Diversity and Composition: A Systematic Review with Exploratory Meta-Analysis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Influence of heat-non-burn tobacco aerosol on the microbiome of biofilm from human whole saliva bacteria in vitro.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Salivary Cytokine Profiles in Active Smokers: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Impact of Little Cigar Use on the Oral Bacterial Microbiota of Cigarette Smokers.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of e-cigarette vaping on the immune system across the body.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- The Gut-Lung Microbiome Crosstalk and Pulmonary Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- To Vape or Not to Vape: Oral Health in the Age of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Electronic Non-Nicotine Delivery Systems.International dental journal · 2026Review
- Smoking-induced microbial dysbiosis: a key driver of systemic diseases and emerging therapeutic opportunities.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- The impact of vaping behavior on functional changes within the subgingival microbiome.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Microbiome and Metabolome in 3D Tissue-Engineered Models.International dental journal · 2025Article
- Chronic airway inflammatory diseases and e-cigarette use: a review of health risks and mechanisms.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Saliva assay: a call for methodological standardization.Journal of periodontal & implant science · 2025Review
- Immunological Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Review of Current Evidence.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Pathophysiological Responses of Oral Keratinocytes After Exposure to Flavored E-Cigarette Liquids.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic (e)-cigarettes have been advocated as a safer alternative to conventional tobacco cigarettes. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the impact of e-cigarette aerosol deposition on the human oral microbiome, a key component in human health and disease. We aimed to fill this knowledge gap through a comparative analysis of the microbial community profiles from e-cigarette users and healthy controls [non-smokers/non-vapers (NSNV)]. Moreover, we sought to determine whether e-cigarette aerosol exposure from vaping induces persistent changes in the oral microbiome. To accomplish this, salivary and buccal mucosa samples were collected from e-cigarette users and NSNV controls, with additional oral samples collected from e-cigarette users after 2 weeks of decreased use. Total DNA was extracted from all samples and subjected to PCR amplification and sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Our analysis revealed several prominent differences associated with vaping, specific to the sample type (i.e., saliva and buccal). In the saliva, e-cigarette users had a significantly higher alpha diversity, observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD) compared to NSNV controls, which declined with decreased vaping. The buccal mucosa swab samples were marked by a significant shift in beta diversity between e-cigarette users and NSNV controls. There were also significant differences in the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa, with a significant increase in
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.