Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34135551›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2021

Toward a new era of hepatitis B virus therapeutics: The pursuit of a functional cure.

Efthymios P Tsounis, Evanthia Tourkochristou, Athanasia Mouzaki, Christos Triantos

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Review
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  8. Article
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  10. Epigenome editing based treatment: Progresses and challenges.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Review
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  16. Baicalin inhibits the replication of the hepatitis B virus by targeting TRIM25.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2023
    Article
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  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Efthymios P TsounisDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
Evanthia TourkochristouDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
Athanasia MouzakiDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
Christos TriantosDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece. chtriantos@hotmail.com.
University of Patras · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, although preventable by vaccination, remains a global health problem and a major cause of chronic liver disease. Although current treatment strategies suppress viral replication very efficiently, the optimal endpoint of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance is rarely achieved. Moreover, the thorny problems of persistent chromatin-like covalently closed circular DNA and the presence of integrated HBV DNA in the host genome are ignored. Therefore, the scientific community has focused on developing innovative therapeutic approaches to achieve a functional cure of HBV, defined as undetectable HBV DNA and HBsAg loss over a limited treatment period. A deeper understanding of the HBV life cycle has led to the introduction of novel direct-acting antivirals that exert their function through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of viral entry, transcriptional silencing, epigenetic manipulation, interference with capsid assembly, and disruption of HBsAg release. In parallel, another category of new drugs aims to restore dysregulated immune function in chronic hepatitis B accompanied by lethargic cellular and humoral responses. Stimulation of innate immunity by pattern-recognition receptor agonists leads to upregulation of antiviral cytokine expression and appears to contribute to HBV containment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T cells are breakthrough technologies currently being explored that may elicit potent HBV-specific T-cell responses. In addition, several clinical trials are attempting to clarify the role of therapeutic vaccination in this setting. Ultimately, it is increasingly recognized that elimination of HBV requires a treatment regimen based on a combination of multiple drugs. This review describes the rationale for progressive therapeutic interventions and discusses the latest findings in the field of HBV therapeutics.

Indexed as

Hepatitis BHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis C, ChronicAntiviral AgentsHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B virusHumansAntiviral AgentsHepatitis B Surface AntigensChronic hepatitis BDirect-acting antiviralsFunctional cureGene silencingImmunotherapyTherapeutic vaccination

Identifiers

PMID34135551
PMCPMC8173382
OpenAlexW3164191180

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.