ArticleScientific reports2021
Secondary bacterial infection in COVID-19 patients is a stronger predictor for death compared to influenza patients.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Pooled it
- Intracellular microbial shifts during COVID-19 infection and longitudinal recovery revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.iScience · 2026Article
- Gut Hi-C metagenomes of severe COVID-19 patients: bacteria and yeast involved in gut-lung axis.mSphere · 2026Article
- Bacterial cell fate under stress: lipid remodeling and antimicrobial peptide attack.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Accelerated Increase in Candida auris Bloodstream Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic, South Africa.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Comparative clinical features and outcomes of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following influenzaFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic factors for mortality and respiratory failure in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 after three-dose vaccination: a retrospective cohort study during the Omicron period.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Multicenter clinical performance and comparative evaluation of the LIAISON PLEX RespiratoryJournal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical insights into mixedMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Real-life practice of Kelleni's protocol in treatment and post exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 HV.1 and JN.1 subvariants.World journal of virology · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: clinical characteristics and prognosis.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Article
- A Rare Case of Polymicrobial Empyema Associated With COVID-19 Infection Complicated by a Bronchopleural Fistula.Cureus · 2025Article
- Macrophage-augmented intestinal organoids model virus-host interactions in enteric viral diseases and facilitate therapeutic development.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Qualitative analysis and exploration of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of a Thai traditional medicine formula from Wat Pho beyond its use for COVID-19 treatment.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Cancer on Hold, Infections on the Rise: The Unseen Pandemic Effect on Thoracic Surgery in the Developing World.Cureus · 2025Article
- Outcomes of COVID-19 During the First Wave in Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study of ICU Cases from a Single Hospital.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Co-infections and secondary infections amid COVID-19 outbreaks in Vietnam.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing pneumonia among adult patients with signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mwanza, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections are a potentially fatal complication of influenza infection. We aimed to define the impact of secondary bacterial infections on the clinical course and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients by comparison with influenza patients. COVID-19 (n = 642) and influenza (n = 742) patients, admitted to a large tertiary center in Israel and for whom blood or sputum culture had been taken were selected for this study. Bacterial culture results, clinical parameters, and death rates were compared. COVID-19 patients had higher rates of bacterial infections than influenza patients (12.6% vs. 8.7%). Notably, the time from admission to bacterial growth was longer in COVID-19 compared to influenza patients (4 (1-8) vs. 1 (1-3) days). Late infections (> 48 h after admission) with gram-positive bacteria were more common in COVID-19 patients (28% vs. 9.5%). Secondary infection was associated with a higher risk of death in both patient groups 2.7-fold (1.22-5.83) for COVID-19, and 3.09-fold (1.11-7.38) for Influenza). The association with death remained significant upon adjustment to age and clinical parameters in COVID-19 but not in influenza infection. Secondary bacterial infection is a notable complication associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19 than influenza patients. Careful surveillance and prompt antibiotic treatment may benefit selected patients.
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