ArticleBMJ open2021
Risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis, the association between comorbidity status and drug-resistant patterns: a retrospective study of previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis in Shandong, China, during 2004-2019.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence in respiratory medicine: From diagnosis to treatment and future directions.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Comparison of characteristics of drug-resistantJournal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Interpretable multimodal machine learning for diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Relationship Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Postoperative Pneumonia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
- A Nomogram Predictive Model for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Detection by GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay in Paediatric Patients.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis among patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Drug Resistance and Comorbidities in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessing the determinants of drug-resistant tuberculosis in selected hospitals in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia: a case-control study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Drug resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in central Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Uncovering the burden of tuberculosis in Algeria: a retrospective analysis from 2019 to 2024.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis mortality and drug resistance among patients under TB treatment before and during COVID-19 in Burundi: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Drug-resistant tuberculosis profiles among patients presenting at the antituberculosis center of Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Article
- Risk factors for multidrug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Managing Pulmonary Injury in Older Adults with Tuberculosis: The Role of Nursing Interventions.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Review
- Predictors of poor treatment outcomes among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Hunan province, China.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Comorbidities and Treatment Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Risk factors of adult isoniazid-resistant and rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis in Nanjing, 2019-2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Construction and Validation of a Nomogram to Identify the Risk of Cavitation in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study was designed to identify the risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and the association between comorbidity and drug resistance among retreated pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).
designA retrospective study was conducted among all the 36 monitoring sites in Shandong, China, over a 16-year period. Baseline characteristics were collected from the TB Surveillance System. Categorical variables were compared by Fisher's exact or Pearson's χ
resultsA total of 10 975 patients with PTB were recorded during 2004-2019, and of these 1924 retreated PTB were finally included. Among retreated PTB, 26.2% were DR-TB and 12.5% had comorbidity. Smoking (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.69, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.39), cavity (aOR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.97) and comorbidity (aOR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.02) were risk factors for DR-TB. Of 504 DR-TB, 9.5% had diabetes mellitus, followed by hypertension (2.0%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.8%). Patients with retreated PTB with comorbidity were more likely to be older, have more bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse) and have clinical symptoms (expectoration, haemoptysis, weight loss). Comorbidity was significantly associated with DR-TB (aOR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.02), overall rifampin resistance (aOR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.36), overall streptomycin resistance (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.27) and multidrug resistance (aOR: 1.96, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.27) compared with pan-susceptible patients (p<0.05).
conclusionSmoking, cavity and comorbidity lead to an increased risk of drug resistance among retreated PTB. Strategies to improve the host's health, including smoking cessation, screening and treatment of comorbidity, might contribute to the control of tuberculosis, especially DR-TB, in China.
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