Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34134933›Full record

ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2021

Striving toward translation: strategies for reliable fMRI measurement.

Maxwell L Elliott, Annchen R Knodt, Ahmad R Hariri

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Classification of Alcohol Use Disorder With Explainable AI.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Brain network localization of anhedonia.Translational psychiatry · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Maxwell L ElliottDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: maxwell.elliott@duke.edu.
Annchen R KnodtDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Ahmad R HaririDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Duke University · US

Funding

Quantifying Individual Differences in Midlife Structural Brain Integrity Associated with Later AD/ADRD RiskR01AG049789 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI AHMAD R. HARIRI, TERRIE E MOFFITT · 2015 to 2026
$10.6M
Is mental disorder a preventable cause of age-related disease? The Dunedin Study.R01AG032282 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI CASPI, AVSHALOM, MOFFITT, TERRIE E · 2009 to 2025
$9.5M
Training in lifespan behavioral, social, and neuroscience research connecting early-life cognitive decline to late-life ADRDF99AG068432 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI ELLIOTT, MAXWELL LORENZ · 2020 to 2021
$72k
NIA NIH HHS F99 AG068432NIA NIH HHS R01 AG032282NIA NIH HHS R01 AG049789
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

fMRI has considerable potential as a translational tool for understanding risk, prioritizing interventions, and improving the treatment of brain disorders. However, recent studies have found that many of the most widely used fMRI measures have low reliability, undermining this potential. Here, we argue that many fMRI measures are unreliable because they were designed to identify group effects, not to precisely quantify individual differences. We then highlight four emerging strategies [extended aggregation, reliability modeling, multi-echo fMRI (ME-fMRI), and stimulus design] that build on established psychometric properties to generate more precise and reliable fMRI measures. By adopting such strategies to improve reliability, we are optimistic that fMRI can fulfill its potential as a clinical tool.

Indexed as

Brain MappingMagnetic Resonance ImagingBrainHumansIndividualityReproducibility of Resultsbiomarkerclinical neurosciencefMRIindividual differencesreliabilitytranslational neuroscience

Identifiers

PMID34134933
PMCPMC8363569
OpenAlexW3171014733

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.