ArticleJournal of substance abuse treatment2021
Gender disparities in access and retention in outpatient methadone treatment for opioid use disorder in low-income urban communities.
Article in Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alleviation of opioid withdrawal by cannabis and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: A systematic review of observational and experimental human studies.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Pooled it
- Differences in benefits of office based opioid treatment: Secondary analyses across sub-groups in the PROUD randomized controlled implementation trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Trial
- Development of the Healthy Women Intervention to Increase Women's Engagement in Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Mixed Methods, User-Centered Design Approach.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- A scoping review of the use of visual methods in supporting women with substance use histories.Humanities & social sciences communications · 2026Review
- Preferences for postpartum pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation among pregnant women.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Investigating heterogeneous effects of an expanded methadone access policy with opioid treatment program retention: a Rhode Island population-based retrospective cohort study.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Characteristics of women on opioid substitution therapy in primary healthcare in Tshwane (South Africa): a retrospective observational study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Factors affecting waiting times to enter opioid use disorder treatment in the United States with a particular focus on potential biological sex disparity.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in outcome of medication-assisted therapy of opioid use disorder: Nationally representative outpatient clinic data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Observational
- The hidden costs of 'free' treatment: A cross-sectional study of patient-incurred costs for daily methadone maintenance treatment in Nairobi, Kenya.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in outcome of medication-assisted therapy of opioid use disorder: Nationally representative study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Equity of overdose education and naloxone distribution provided in the Kentucky HEALing Communities Study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Buprenorphine use and setting type among reproductive-aged women self-reporting nonmedical prescription opioid use.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- What can we learn from COVID-19 to improve opioid treatment? Expert providers respond.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Typology of laws restricting access to methadone treatment in the United States: A latent class analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Assessing provision of MOUD and obstetric care in U.S. jails: A content analysis of policies submitted by 59 jails.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Deimplementation in the provision of opioid agonist treatment to achieve equity of care for people engaged in treatment: a qualitative study.Implementation science : IS · 2023Article
- Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Methadone-Involved Overdose Deaths Before and After the US Federal Policy Change Expanding Take-home Methadone Doses.JAMA health forum · 2023Article
- Identifying gender differences in risk profiles and in opioid treatment outcomes in Los Angeles County.Evaluation and program planning · 2023Article
- Understanding the role of financial capacity in the delivery of opioid use disorder treatment.BMC health services research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect and understand gender disparities in access and retention among outpatient methadone treatment programs located in low-income urban communities in Los Angeles, California. The study collected client- and program-level data in 4 waves in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 from 34 publicly funded methadone treatment programs serving 11,169 clients with opioid use disorder (OUD). The sample included 29.8% female and 70.2% male clients, where 10.6% identified as Black or African American, 41.5% as Latino, 44.2% as non-Latino white, and 3.8% as Other. We conducted two multilevel negative binomial regression models to examine direct and moderated relationships related to both access (days on the waitlist) and retention (days in treatment) while accounting for clients clustered within programs. Gender disparities existed in both access and retention where women spent more time than men waiting to enter treatment but then remained in treatment longer. Further, female clients identifying as African American, Latino, and Other were at greater risk for shorter treatment duration than those who identified as non-Latino white and men. Overall, OUD clients receiving methadone treatment in low-income neighborhoods experienced barriers to access and retention in treatment associated with mental illness, family responsibilities, and use severity. OUD clients with MediCal insurance eligibility were consistently more likely to gain access to and remain in methadone treatment. Overall, findings call for improving treatment access and retention for women with OUD who receive methadone in outpatient methadone treatment programs through comprehensive, gender-specific, and evidence-based programming.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.