Observational studyJournal of substance abuse treatment2021
Reduction in injection risk behaviors after implementation of a syringe services program, Miami, Florida.
Observational study in Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harms associated with injecting in public spaces: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring Sexually Transmitted and Bloodborne Infection Rates in Florida After Implementation of Syringe Services Programs: A Quasi-Experimental Study.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Rapid Identification of HIV Among People Who Inject Drugs: Tampa, FL, 2024.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- "It Eats My Heart": Identifying Knowledge Gaps in Injection Drug-Related Endocarditis Among Hospitalized Patients.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Drug use and sexual behaviors among women who inject drugs and use a syringe services program; Miami, Florida.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Estimating the Cost-Saving Threshold of a Rural Syringe Services Program Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Reaching people who use drugs with sexual and reproductive healthcare through syringe services programs: potential promise and missed opportunities.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Economic evaluation of the effect of needle and syringe programs on skin, soft tissue, and vascular infections in people who inject drugs: a microsimulation modelling approach.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Syringe reuse among people who inject drugs in rural Appalachian Kentucky.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Updates on syringe coverage and service uptake among needle and syringe programs in the United States, 2019-2020.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Opioids exacerbate inflammation in people with well-controlled HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Brief Report: Use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Rapid HIV Transmission Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Counties in the United States: A Modeling Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people who inject drugs accessing harm reduction services in an rural American state.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSyringe services programs (SSPs) are evidence-based HIV prevention programs for people who inject drugs. However, not all SSPs operate evidence-based syringe distribution models, such as needs-based distribution. This study aims to provide preliminary evidence from the IDEA SSP on changes in injection risk behaviors over time, and to examine factors, including syringe coverage, associated with injection risk behavior trajectories over time under a one-for-one syringe distribution model.
methodsWe used a prospective observational study design to generate a cohort of SSP clients who completed three behavioral assessments at SSP service visits between December 2016 and January 2020 (N = 115). The study used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine the relationship between covariate measures and the primary outcomes. The primary outcomes were 1) sharing of any injection equipment (e.g. syringes, needles, cookers, cottons) in the previous 30 days (yes/no) and 2) reusing of needles/syringes in the previous 30 days (yes/no).
resultsMen were more likely to report reusing syringes (aRR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.37) and those who reported injecting in public were less likely to report reusing syringes (aRR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99). HCV-positive clients had a 62% reduction in sharing injection equipment and those who reported public injection had a 62% increase in sharing injection equipment over time. Most importantly, increasing syringe coverage was associated with a decrease in both sharing injection equipment (aRR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25-0.72) and reusing syringes (aRR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66-0.95).
conclusionThis study provides preliminary evidence of reductions in injection-related risk behaviors from the IDEA SSP and highlights potential high priority groups, such as people experiencing homelessness, that may need additional intervention. In addition, improving syringe coverage among SSP clients may be an important factor in reducing behaviors that place individuals at risk for contracting HIV and HCV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.