Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34134813›Full record

ArticleBJPsych open2021

Aggressive incidents in psychiatric hospitals on heat days.

Frank Eisele, Erich Flammer, Tilman Steinert, Hans Knoblauch

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BJPsych open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Positive associations between mean ambient temperature and involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilities.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Climate change and mental health: Position paper of the European Psychiatric Association.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Frank EiseleCenters for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg, Germany.
Erich FlammerCenters for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg, University of Ulm, Germany.
Tilman SteinertCenters for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg, University of Ulm, Germany.
Hans KnoblauchCenters for Psychiatry Suedwuerttemberg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-6217

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between temperature and the number of aggressive incidents and coercive interventions in the years 2007-2019 in six psychiatric hospitals in the south of the Germany with a total of 1007 beds. The number of aggressive incidents among 164 435 admissions was significantly higher on 'heat days' (≥30°C). Furthermore, there was a dose-response relationship between the number of aggressive incidents and increasing temperature. In contrast, the number of coercive interventions was not related to temperature. Considering the background of global warming, rising temperature could result in more frequent aggressive behaviour during in-patient treatment of psychiatric patients.

Indexed as

aggressioncoercionheat daysIn-patient treatmenttemperature

Identifiers

PMID34134813
PMCPMC8269922

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.