ArticleRevista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)
Dependence on hypnotics: a comparative study between chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs.
Article in Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brief intervention for inappropriate z-hypnotics use in older adults: a before and after intervention study in primary care.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Trial
- A brief intervention to discontinue inappropriate z-hypnotics use by older patients in primary care: a randomised controlled trial.BMC primary care · 2026Trial
- Rational Use of Benzodiazepines in Modern Healthcare: Evidence-Based Strategies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of Melatonin-Loaded Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Transdermal Gel on Sleep Quality.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Dispensing of psychotropic drugs in the Brazilian capital city before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2020).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Fatigue in Aviation: Safety Risks, Preventive Strategies and Pharmacological Interventions.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate dependence among chronic benzodiazepine and Z-drug users in Brazil.
methodsChronic users of benzodiazepines (n=94), Z-drugs (n=74), or both (n=11) were recruited from the community, underwent a psychiatric evaluation and completed self-report instruments on hypnotic dependence, insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs were compared using t-tests, and logistic regression models were employed to explore significant predictors of a dependence diagnosis.
resultsThere was no difference in the prevalence of dependence among benzodiazepine (77.2%) and Z-drug (69.4%) users. Benzodiazepine users reported increased psychosocial aspects of dependence, anxiety, and depression. Preoccupation with the availability of medication (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.39 [1.15-5.20]) and insomnia (PR = 1.10 [1.02-1.19]) were associated with a diagnosis of dependence (n=175).
conclusionThe prevalence of dependence was similar among both drug classes. The increased self-reported dependence, anxiety, and depression among benzodiazepine users may be due to behavioral rather than pharmacological aspects of medication use. Behaviors related to hypnotic use were important predictors of dependence.
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