ArticlePloS one2021
Human IgG and IgA responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coronavirus disease 2019, vaccination against coronavirus and immunoglobulin A-mediated diseases: systematic literature review.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in chronic kidney disease (CKD) individuals.F1000Research · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and antibody response in lactating women: a prospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Trial
- Acute and chronic kidney injury following COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a narrative review.European journal of translational myology · 2026Article
- Antibody Transcytosis and Neutralizing Activity in Respiratory Epithelial Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Association of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody response in individuals with prior Coronavirus infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Serological evaluation of coronavirus IgA and IgG antibodies in a repeated cross-sectional cohort of unvaccinated and vaccinated pregnant individuals over three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccination in relation to immune response and physical activity levels.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Protein nanoparticle-based vaccine candidate produced inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Automated model discovery based on COVID-19 epidemiological data from Thuringia, Germany.PloS one · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA platforms for mucosal HIV vaccines: formulation advances, immune mechanisms, and translational pathways.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Itaconate reduces viral endocytosis by targeting Cys128 of the adaptor-related protein complex 1 gamma 1 subunit in the host, providing a novel target for antiviral drug development.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Article
- BNT162b2 vaccine induces potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralising immunoglobulins in lung mucosa.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Loss of IgA and IgM Compromises Broad Neutralization of Structurally Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 T-cell responses are predictive of serological neutralization and are transiently enhanced by pre-existing cross-reactive immunity.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Patients with Trichinella spiralis infection display unmodified antigen-specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccines: Immune correlates and clinical outcomes.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Reported Adverse Events and Associated Factors in Korean Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccinations.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
- Isotype-aware inference of B cell clonal lineage trees from single-cell sequencing data.Cell genomics · 2024Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen-specific IgG and IgA elicited by infection mediate viral neutralization and are likely an important component of natural immunity, however, limited information exists on vaccine induced responses. We measured COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induced IgG and IgA in serum serially, up to 145 days post vaccination in 4 subjects. Spike antigen-specific IgG levels rose exponentially and plateaued 21 days after the initial vaccine dose. After the second vaccine dose IgG levels increased further, reaching a maximum approximately 7-10 days later, and remained elevated (average of 58% peak levels) during the additional >100 day follow up period. COVID-19 mRNA vaccination elicited spike antigen-specific IgA with similar kinetics of induction and time to peak levels, but more rapid decline in serum levels following both the 1st and 2nd vaccine doses (<18% peak levels within 100 days of the 2nd shot). The data demonstrate COVID-19 mRNA vaccines effectively induce spike antigen specific IgG and IgA and highlight marked differences in their persistence in serum.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.