ArticleDysphagia2022
Using Ultrasound to Document the Effects of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) on the Geniohyoid Muscle.
Article in Dysphagia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of breathing training on swallowing function in patients with neurogenic dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Validity and Reliability of Ultrasound Assessment of Swallowing Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Ultrasonography as Biofeedback to Increase Muscle Activation During the Mendelsohn Maneuver in Healthy Adults.Dysphagia · 2023Trial
- Changes in Perihyoid Muscle Strength Associated with Fixed and Progressive Resistance Exercise in Healthy Adults.Dysphagia · 2026Article
- Effects of expiratory muscle strength training on swallowing in survivors of critical illness: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.Journal of the Intensive Care Society · 2026Article
- Inspiratory Muscle Strength Is an Independent Predictor of Maximum Tongue Pressure in Patients Aged ≥65 Years With Acute Heart Failure - A Retrospective Observational Study.Circulation reports · 2026Article
- Bridging Voice and Swallowing: A Qualitative Study on Speech-Language Pathologist Perspectives of Integrated Therapy.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2025Article
- Effect of Elevation Training Mask on Swallowing Function in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease.Dysphagia · 2025Article
- Review
- Effects of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training on Swallowing in Survivors of Critical Illness: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Age-defying swallowing.Frontiers in aging · 2025Review
- Preoperative geniohyoid muscle mass in esophageal cancer patients is associated with swallowing function after esophagectomy.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2024Article
- A Novel Exercise to Improve Suprahyoid Muscle Area and Intensity as Evaluated by Ultrasonography.Dysphagia · 2024Article
- Ultrasonography for Eating and Swallowing Assessment: A Narrative Review of Integrated Insights for Noninvasive Clinical Practice.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Dysphagia in Parkinson Disease: Part II-Current Treatment Options and Insights from Animal Research.Current physical medicine and rehabilitation reports · 2023Article
- Physical performance and maximum tongue pressure associated with oral intake independence: a retrospective study on hospitalized patients with heart failure.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Injection Laryngoplasty on Cough Strength and Swallowing Safety in Treating Glottal Insufficiency.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-facialeArticle
- Prevalence of Hoarseness and Its Association with Severity of Dysphagia in Patients with Sarcopenic Dysphagia.The journal of nutrition, health & agingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is an exercise program designed to strengthen the muscles of expiration by increasing expiratory load during breathing exercises using either resistive or pressure threshold devices. Previous research has shown that EMST may increase submental suprahyoid muscle activity as measured with surface electromyography. The impact of EMST on submental muscles is of interest to those who treat dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle changes as observed with ultrasound during a 5-week EMST program performed at 75% of maximum expiratory strength using the EMST150 device in healthy adults. Ten healthy adults participated in the 5-week program. Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle were measured weekly. Geniohyoid cross-sectional area was measured from ultrasound images recorded in the coronal plane. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to determine whether there were significant changes among the dependent variables over the study period. Both MEP and geniohyoid area increased significantly in response to a 5-week program of EMST. EMST in healthy adults is effective at strengthening the geniohyoid muscle as reflected by significantly increased cross-sectional area measured with B-mode ultrasound. This is the first study to document weekly change in muscle morphology as a result of EMST. Increasing geniohyoid muscle mass and consequent strength through a program of EMST may be beneficial for persons with pharyngeal stage dysphagia resulting from reduced hyolaryngeal elevation, reduced laryngeal closure, or reduced UES opening.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.