ArticleSoft matter2021
Oxygen inhibition of free-radical polymerization is the dominant mechanism behind the "mold effect" on hydrogels.
Article in Soft matter, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Light-assisted 3D bioprinting of tough hydrogels in biomedical applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporally programmed tissue regeneration via visible-light-responsive hydrogels: Biosafety-oriented design and applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Article
- Spatial Patterning of Modular Gelatin-Peroxide Microspheres in Melt-Electrowritten Scaffolds Provides Controlled Oxygen Generation and Mitigates Hypoxia and Cytotoxicity.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Tensile expansion microscopy applies mechanical force to super-resolve fixed and image live cellular samples.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hierarchical picot-fiber hydrogel coating with ultralow friction and high wear resistance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Toward Cartilage-Mimicking Biomaterials: Biotribological, Biochemical and Structural Evaluation of pHEMA and PVA-Based Hydrogels.ACS omega · 2025Article
- In Situ Photoactivated Hydrogel Adhesive Dressings for Post Colon Polypectomies (PolypCures).bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Biomimetic pHEMA Hydrogels as an Alternative Cartilage-like Model Material for Biotribological Evaluations.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Highly Entangled, Mechanically Robust Hydrogel Thin Films for Passive Cooling Materials via Open-Vessel Fabrication.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluating UV Stability ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Methacrylated poly(glycerol sebacate) as a photocurable, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer with tunable degradation and drug release kinetics.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- A Comparative Study between Thiol-Ene and Acrylate Photocrosslinkable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Inks for Digital Light Processing.Macromolecular bioscience · 2025Article
- Rapid Multi-Well Evaluation of Assorted Materials for Hydrogel-Assisted Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Production: Empowering Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- 3D Printing of Microfluidic-assisted Liposomes Production for Drug Delivery and Nanobiomedicine: A Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Crosslinking substrate regulates frictional properties of tissue-engineered cartilage and chondrocyte response to loading.Communications materials · 2025Article
- Electrochemical signaling for artificial innervation of self-oscillating gels.Science and technology of advanced materials · 2025Article
- 3D Printable Poly(ACS applied polymer materials · 2024Review
- Fluid confinement within a branched polymer structure enhances tribological performance of a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-surface-modified contact lens.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hydrogel surfaces are of great importance in numerous applications ranging from cell-growth studies and hydrogel-patch adhesion to catheter coatings and contact lenses. A common method to control the structure and mechanical/tribological properties of hydrogel surfaces is by synthesizing them in various mold materials, whose influence has been widely ascribed to their hydrophobicity. In this work, we examine possible mechanisms for this "mold effect" on the surface of hydrogels during polymerization. Our results for polyacrylamide gels clearly rule out the effect of mold hydrophobicity as well as any thermal-gradient effects during synthesis. We show unequivocally that oxygen diffuses out of certain molding materials and into the reaction mixture, thereby inhibiting free-radical polymerization in the vicinity of the molding interface. Removal of oxygen from the system results in homogeneously cross-linked hydrogel surfaces, irrespective of the substrate material used. Moreover, by varying the amount of oxygen at the surface of the polymerizing solutions using a permeable membrane we are able to tailor the surface structures and mechanical properties of PAAm, PEGDA and HEMA hydrogels in a controlled manner.
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