ArticleWorld journal of clinical oncology2021
Reduction of muscle contraction and pain in electroporation-based treatments: An overview.
Article in World journal of clinical oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bipolar needle electrodes for electroporation-based treatments in soft and bone tissues: technical design and implementation.La Radiologia medica · 2026Article
- Minimization of Cancellation Effect with Nisin During Bipolar Nanosecond Electrochemotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Altering Charge-Balance via Patterned Bipolar Pulses for Successful Gene Electrotransfer.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Evaluation of unipolar and bipolar nanosecond pulses for calcium electrochemotherapy and immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mitigating muscle contractions during pulsed field ablation by utilizing intersegment delays.Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Controversy: pulsed field ablation is the standard technique for all the candidates for atrial fibrillation ablation.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Review
- Impact of Voltage on the Production on Spherical Ablations for Integrated Time Nanosecond Pulse Irreversible Electroporation.Bioelectricity · 2025Article
- DNA Vaccines in the Post-mRNA Era: Engineering, Applications, and Emerging Innovations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- High-Throughput Capable Three-Dimensional Tissue Model for Quantification of Electroporation Thresholds.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2025Article
- Threshold Interphase Delay for Bipolar Pulses to Prevent Cancellation Phenomenon during Electrochemotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Lipid Nanoparticles Outperform Electroporation in Delivering Therapeutic HPV DNA Vaccines.Vaccines · 2024Article
- The equivalence of different types of electric pulses for electrochemotherapy with cisplatin - anRadiology and oncology · 2024Article
- Nanosecond pulsed electric fields increase antibiotic susceptibility in methicillin-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Genetically engineered HEK cells as a valuable tool for studying electroporation in excitable cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Electrochemotherapy for head and neck cancers: possibilities and limitations.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Dynamics of cell membrane lesions and adaptive conductance under the electrical stress.Cell stress · 2024Article
- Calcium Electrochemotherapy for Tumor Eradication and the Potential of High-Frequency Nanosecond Protocols.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Improving NonViral Gene Delivery Using MHz Bursts of Nanosecond Pulses and Gold Nanoparticles for Electric Field Amplification.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the first studies of electrochemotherapy (ECT), small cutaneous metastases were treated and only mild or moderate pain was observed; therefore, pain was not considered a significant issue. As the procedure began to be applied to larger cutaneous metastases, pain was reported more frequently. For that reason, reduction of both muscle contractions and pain have been investigated over the years.
aimTo present an overview of different protocols described in literature that aim to reduce muscle contractions and pain caused by the electroporation (EP) effect in both ECT and irreversible EP treatments.
methodsThirty-three studies published between January 1999 and November 2020 were included. Different protocol designs and electrode geometries that reduce patient pain and the number of muscle contractions and their intensity were analysed.
resultsThe analysis showed that both high frequency and bipolar/biphasic pulses can be used to reduce pain and muscle contractions in patients who undergo EP treatments. Moreover, adequate electrode design can decrease EP-related morbidity. Particularly, needle length, diameter and configuration of the distance between the needles can be optimised so that the muscle volume crossed by the current is reduced as much as possible. Bipolar/biphasic pulses with an inadequate pulse length seem to have a less evident effect on the membrane permeability compared with the standard pulse protocol. For that reason, the number of pulses and the voltage amplitude, as well as the pulse duration and frequency, must be chosen so that the dose of delivered energy guarantees EP efficacy.
conclusionPain reduction in EP-based treatments can be achieved by appropriately defining the protocol parameters and electrode design. Most results can be achieved with high frequency and/or bipolar/biphasic pulses. However, the efficacy of these alternative protocols remains a crucial point to be assessed further.
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