ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Evolution of bacterial steroid biosynthesis and its impact on eukaryogenesis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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39 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The prokaryotic origins of the COMMD protein family involved in eukaryotic membrane trafficking.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Functional restructuring of the global soil microbiome under multiple stressors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Origin of eukaryotic plasmalogen biosynthesis by horizontal gene transfer from myxobacteria.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Microbial regulation of stress-associated signaling molecules and its role in health and disease.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
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- PexR is a noncanonical regulator of the peroxide stress response in bacteria.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Tracing the evolutionary pathway: on the origin of mitochondria and eukaryogenesis.The FEBS journal · 2025Article
- Biosynthesis of lanosterol inSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Article
- A diverse Palaeoproterozoic microbial ecosystem implies early eukaryogenesis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Sterols in plant biologyCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Parity-Associated Differences in the Antioxidants and Fecal Microbiota of Bactrian Camels.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- A geranylgeranyl reductase homolog required for cholesterol production in Myxococcota.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Genome-wide identification and functional validation of sterol C-22 desaturases and C-24 methyltransferases inFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Impact of Fermentation on Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome Interactions inInternational journal of food science · 2025Article
- Unusual Genomic and Biochemical Features ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Expanded Archaeal Genomes Shed New Light on the Evolution of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Identification of key yeast species and microbe-microbe interactions impacting larval growth ofeLife · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Steroids are components of the eukaryotic cellular membrane and have indispensable roles in the process of eukaryotic endocytosis by regulating membrane fluidity and permeability. In particular, steroids may have been a structural prerequisite for the acquisition of mitochondria via endocytosis during eukaryogenesis. While eukaryotes are inferred to have evolved from an archaeal lineage, there is little similarity between the eukaryotic and archaeal cellular membranes. As such, the evolution of eukaryotic cellular membranes has limited our understanding of eukaryogenesis. Despite evolving from archaea, the eukaryotic cellular membrane is essentially a fatty acid bacterial-type membrane, which implies a substantial bacterial contribution to the evolution of the eukaryotic cellular membrane. Here, we address the evolution of steroid biosynthesis in eukaryotes by combining ancestral sequence reconstruction and comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of steroid biosynthesis genes. Contrary to the traditional assumption that eukaryotic steroid biosynthesis evolved within eukaryotes, most steroid biosynthesis genes are inferred to be derived from bacteria. In particular, aerobic deltaproteobacteria (myxobacteria) seem to have mediated the transfer of key genes for steroid biosynthesis to eukaryotes. Analyses of resurrected steroid biosynthesis enzymes suggest that the steroid biosynthesis pathway in early eukaryotes may have been similar to the pathway seen in modern plants and algae. These resurrected proteins also experimentally demonstrate that molecular oxygen was required to establish the modern eukaryotic cellular membrane during eukaryogenesis. Our study provides unique insight into relationships between early eukaryotes and other bacteria in addition to the well-known endosymbiosis with alphaproteobacteria.
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