Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34131067›Full record

ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2021

Differential Binding of Autoantibodies to MOG Isoforms in Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases.

Kathrin Schanda, Patrick Peschl, Magdalena Lerch, Barbara Seebacher, Swantje Mindorf, Nora Ritter, Monika Probst, Harald Hegen, Franziska Di Pauli, Eva-Maria Wendel and 19 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Beyond Positivity: Understanding and Interpreting MOG-IgG Testing in MOGAD.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026
    Review
  3. MOGAD Is the Most Common Cause of Isolated Optic Neuritis in Children.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Ten Years ofNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Dissection of complement and Fc-receptor-mediated pathomechanisms of autoantibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  13. Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kathrin SchandaFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Patrick PeschlFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Magdalena LerchFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Barbara SeebacherFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Swantje MindorfFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Nora RitterFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Monika ProbstFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Harald HegenFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Franziska Di PauliFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Eva-Maria WendelFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Christian LechnerFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Matthias BaumannFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-4471-8324
Sara MariottoFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Sergio FerrariFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Albert SaizFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Michael FarrellFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Maria Isabel S LeiteFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Sarosh R IraniFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-7667-9748
Jacqueline PalaceFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Andreas LutterottiFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Tania KümpfelFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Sandra VukusicFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Romain MarignierFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Patrick WatersFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-4142-2667
Kevin RostasyFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Thomas BergerFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Christian ProbstFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Romana HöftbergerFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Markus ReindlFrom the Clinical Department of Neurology (K.S., P.P., M.L., B.S., H.H., F.D.P., M.R.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG (S. Mindorf, N.R., C.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Quality Assurance (ifQ) affiliated to Euroimmun (M.P.), Lübeck, Germany; Department of Pediatrics (E.-M.W.), Olgahospital/Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Pediatrics I (C.L., M.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Neurology Unit (S. Mariotto, S.F.), Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Beaumont Hospital (M.F.), Dublin, Ireland; Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group (M.I.S.L., S.R.I., J.P., P.W.), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (T.K.), Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.V., R.M.), Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, France; Paediatric Neurology (K.R.), Witten/Herdecke University, Children's Hospital Datteln, Germany; Department of Neurology (T.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. markus.reindl@i-med.ac.at.ORCID 0000-0003-2817-1402
Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika (Germany) · DE

Funding

Austrian Science Fund FWF P 32699Department of HealthWellcome Trust 104079/Z/14/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo analyze serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to major isoforms of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-alpha 1-3 and beta 1-3) in patients with inflammatory demyelinating diseases.

methodsRetrospective case-control study using 378 serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), patients with non-MS demyelinating disease, and healthy controls with MOG alpha-1-IgG positive (n = 202) or negative serostatus (n = 176). Samples were analyzed for their reactivity to human, mouse, and rat MOG isoforms with and without mutations in the extracellular MOG Ig domain (MOG-ecIgD), soluble MOG-ecIgD, and myelin from multiple species using live cell-based, tissue immunofluorescence assays and ELISA.

resultsThe strongest IgG reactivities were directed against the longest MOG isoforms alpha-1 (the currently used standard test for MOG-IgG) and beta-1, whereas the other isoforms were less frequently recognized. Using principal component analysis, we identified 3 different binding patterns associated with non-MS disease: (1) isolated reactivity to MOG-alpha-1/beta-1 (n = 73), (2) binding to MOG-alpha-1/beta-1 and at least one other alpha, but no beta isoform (n = 64), and (3) reactivity to all 6 MOG isoforms (n = 65). The remaining samples were negative (n = 176) for MOG-IgG. These MOG isoform binding patterns were associated with a non-MS demyelinating disease, but there were no differences in clinical phenotypes or disease course. The 3 MOG isoform patterns had distinct immunologic characteristics such as differential binding to soluble MOG-ecIgD, sensitivity to MOG mutations, and binding to human MOG in ELISA.

conclusionsThe novel finding of differential MOG isoform binding patterns could inform future studies on the refinement of MOG-IgG assays and the pathophysiologic role of MOG-IgG.

Indexed as

AutoantibodiesCase-Control StudiesDemyelinating DiseasesEncephalitisFemaleHumansMaleMultiple SclerosisMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinProtein BindingProtein IsoformsRetrospective StudiesAutoantibodiesMOG protein, humanMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinProtein Isoforms

Identifiers

PMID34131067
PMCPMC8207634
OpenAlexW3171207519

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