Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34130716›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2021

How many trials are needed in kinematic analysis of reach-to-grasp?-A study of the drinking task in persons with stroke and non-disabled controls.

Gunilla Elmgren Frykberg, Helena Grip, Margit Alt Murphy

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Gunilla Elmgren FrykbergDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine, Uppsala University, Box 256, 751 05, Uppsala, Sweden. gunilla.elmgren.frykberg@neuro.uu.se.ORCID 0000-0003-2926-810X
Helena GripDepartment of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Margit Alt MurphyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Umeå University · SEUniversity of Gothenburg · SEUppsala University · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundKinematic analysis of the 3D reach-to-grasp drinking task is recommended in stroke rehabilitation research. The number of trials required to reach performance stability, as an important aspect of reliability, has not been investigated for this task. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the number of trials needed for the drinking task to reach within-session performance stability and to investigate trends in performance over a set of trials in non-disabled people and in a sample of individuals with chronic stroke. In addition, the between-sessions test-retest reliability in persons with stroke was established.

methodsThe drinking task was performed at least 10 times, following a standardized protocol, in 44 non-disabled and 8 post-stroke individuals. A marker-based motion capture system registered arm and trunk movements during 5 pre-defined phases of the drinking task. Intra class correlation statistics were used to determine the number of trials needed to reach performance stability as well as to establish test-retest reliability. Systematic within-session trends over multiple trials were analyzed with a paired t-test.

resultsFor most of the kinematic variables 2 to 3 trials were needed to reach good performance stability in both investigated groups. More trials were needed for movement times in reaching and returning phase, movement smoothness, time to peak velocity and inter-joint-coordination. A small but significant trend of improvement in movement time over multiple trials was demonstrated in the non-disabled group, but not in the stroke group. A mean of 3 trials was sufficient to reach good to excellent test-retest reliability for most of the kinematic variables in the stroke sample.

conclusionsThis is the first study that determines the number of trials needed for good performance stability (non-disabled and stroke) and test-retest reliability (stroke) for temporal, endpoint and angular metrics of the drinking task. For most kinematic variables, 3-5 trials are sufficient to reach good reliability. This knowledge can be used to guide future kinematic studies.

Indexed as

Stroke RehabilitationUpper ExtremityBiomechanical PhenomenaHand StrengthHumansMovementReproducibility of ResultsDrinking taskFunctional assessmentKinematicsNon-disabledPerformance stabilityStrokeTest–retest reliabilityUpper extremity

Identifiers

PMID34130716
PMCPMC8207615
OpenAlexW3168540220

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.