ArticleBMC nursing2021
The impact of guidelines on sterility precautions during indwelling urethral catheterization at two acute-care hospitals in Sweden - a descriptive survey.
Article in BMC nursing, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Failure mode and effect analysis in the indwelling urinary catheterization process.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2026Article
- Lesson learned from implementing measures to prevent urinary tract infection and bladder distension in patients with hip fractures - a process evaluation.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo support a uniform and evidence-based practice for indwelling urinary catheterization in adults The European association of Urology Nurses (EAUN) published guidelines for this procedure in 2012. The Swedish national guidelines are based on the sterility precautions advocated by EAUN. Some hospitals have local guidelines with other requirements concerning sterility and leave to staff to decide how to perform the catheterization. The aim of this descriptive survey was to investigate the nurses´ self-reported sterility precautions during indwelling urethral catheterization at two acute-care hospitals, where the local guidelines differ in their sterility requirements. The study also aimed to analyze factors affecting conformity with sterility precautions in the EAUN-guidelines.
methodsA structured questionnaire with questions concerning the participant, working conditions and performance of indwelling urethral catheterization was left to 931 nurses in two acute care hospitals. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was used to analyze variables associated with practicing the sterility precautions in the EAUN-guidelines.
resultsAnswers were obtained from 852 persons (91.5%). Most of the participants called their insertion technique "non-sterile". Regardless of designation of the technique the participants said that the indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) should be kept sterile during procedure. Despite that not everyone used sterile equipment to maintain sterility of the catheter. The nurses´ conformity with all the sterility precautions in the EAUN-guidelines were associated with working at departments for surgery and cardiology (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.69-3.27), use of sterile set for catheterization (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.42-2.97), use of sterile drapes for dressing on insertion area (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.24-2.96) and using the term "sterile technique" for indwelling urethral catheterization (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.11-2.43).
conclusionsOnly 55-74% of the nurses practiced one or more precautions that secured sterility of the IUC thus demonstrating a gap between the EAUN-guidelines and the actual performance. Adherence to the guidelines was associated with factors that facilitated an aseptic performance such as using a sterile set and sterile drapes. Healthcare-settings should ensure education and skill training including measures to ensure that the IUC is kept sterile during insertion.
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