SynthesisBMC psychiatry2021
Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05402475 (Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Intervention for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Comparison of CBT - Mindfulness to CBT Alone
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The cross-sectional relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and perfectionism: a meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The Moderating Effect of Focused Eating Between Body Dysmorphic Concerns and Eating Attitudes in Lebanese Dietitians.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Applicability of Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) for the Assessment of Patients Eligible for Facial Esthetic Surgery: A Scoping Review.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- Emotion regulation and visual attention in body dysmorphic disorder: a multimodal study using EEG, GSR, and eye-tracking.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Body Dysmorphic Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality - A Mediation Analysis.Clinical psychology in Europe · 2026Article
- Maladaptive appearance perfectionism and psychosocial distress among cosmetic dermatology patients.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Psychological Disorders Are a Non-negligible Factor in Medical Aesthetic Disputes.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Digital Interventions for Improving Body Dissatisfaction in Children and Emerging Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Interactive journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Updating theoretical frameworks in body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.JAAD international · 2025Review
- Prevalence and post-pandemic consequences of body dysmorphic disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Health psychology report · 2025Review
- Peer Relationships and Social Media Use in Adolescents with Body Dysmorphic Disorder.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- The influence of social media and cultural ideals on body dysmorphic disorder among adult males in the UAE.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Aesthetic Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence, Awareness, and Psychological Implications.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Article
- Body image and mental health challenges in adolescents with acne.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2025Article
- Comparing sexual dysfunction in cosmetic rhinoplasty candidates and normal population among married women in Shiraz, Iran: A case-control study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2024Article
- Advancing Psychosocial Treatment for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A State-of-the-Science Review.Behavior therapy · 2024Review
- Exploring the Intersection of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Dermatological Conditions: A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2024Review
- Body dysmorphic disorder and psychotherapeutic interventions: a systematic literature review.Health psychology research · 2024Article
- The Sequelae and Moderators of Influence of Dandruff on Mental Health Among Mainland Chinese Adults.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) among the Lebanese University students: associated risk factors and repercussion on mental health.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with low self-esteem. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the strength of the cross-sectional relationship between BDD symptom severity and global self-esteem in individuals with BDD, mentally healthy controls, community or student samples, and cosmetic surgery patients. Moreover, the role of depressive symptom severity in this relationship and other moderating factors were investigated.
methodsA keyword-based literature search was performed to identify studies in which BDD symptoms and global self-esteem were assessed. Random effects meta-analysis of Fisher's z-transformed correlations and partial correlations controlling for the influence of depressive symptom severity was conducted. In addition to meta-analysis of the observed effects, we corrected the individual correlations for variance restrictions to address varying ranges of BDD symptom severity across samples.
resultsTwenty-five studies with a total of 6278 participants were included. A moderately negative relationship between BDD symptom severity and global self-esteem was found (r = -.42, CI = [-.48, -.35] for uncorrected correlations, r = -.45, CI = [-.51, -.39] for artifact-corrected correlations). A meta-analysis of partial correlations revealed that depressive symptom severity could partly account for the aforementioned relationship (pr = -.20, CI = [-.25, -.15] for uncorrected partial correlations, pr = -.23, CI = [-.28, -.17] for artifact-corrected partial correlations). The sample type (e.g., individuals with BDD, mentally healthy controls, or community samples) and diagnosis of BDD appeared to moderate the relationship only before artifact correction of effect sizes, whereas all moderators were non-significant in the meta-analysis of artifact-corrected correlations.
conclusionsThe findings demonstrate that low self-esteem is an important hallmark of BDD beyond the influence of depressive symptoms. It appears that negative evaluation in BDD is not limited to appearance but also extends to other domains of the self. Altogether, our findings emphasize the importance of addressing self-esteem and corresponding core beliefs in prevention and treatment of BDD.
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