Observational studyHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2021
Thiazolidinediones and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cohort Study.
Observational study in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The correlation between novel antidiabetic agents utilization and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in type 2 diabetes patients: a network meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Toxicological profile of anti-diabetic drugs and emerging measures to reduce the toxic burden.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Regulatory Mechanisms of Phenolic Acids in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Identification of a Risk-Prediction Model for Hypertension Patients Concomitant with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk with GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a nationwide nested case-control study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Current strategies for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- The Relationship between Pathogenesis and Possible Treatments for the MASLD-Cirrhosis Spectrum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Adiponectin in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2023Review
- Novel Effect ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Glucose-lowering agents and reduced risk of incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: new insights.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2022Article
- Current Options and Future Directions for NAFLD and NASH Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsThiazolidinediones (TZDs) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are potential pharmacological treatment options for patients at risk of NAFLD. Therefore, we examined the association between the risk of NAFLD and the use of TZDs and GLP-1 receptor agonists compared with the use of sulfonylureas (SUs) and insulins. Additionally, we calculated the incidence of HCC in users of TZDs and GLP-1 receptor agonists. APPROACH AND
resultsWe conducted a population-based cohort study using primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database (2007-2018). All patients aged ≥18 with a prescription of an oral glucose-lowering agent or GLP-1 receptor agonist were included. The first prescription defined the start of follow-up. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of NAFLD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs of the primary outcome. Incidence rates of HCC were determined per 1,000 person-years for all exposures. The study identified 207,367 adults with a prescription for a glucose-lowering agent. The risk of NAFLD was lower in patients prescribed a TZD than in those prescribed an SU (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20-0.51). No difference in risk of NAFLD was observed comparing GLP-1 receptor agonist use with insulin use (aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.91-1.63).
conclusionsResults of our study endorse the use of TZDs for selected patients at risk of NAFLD but do not support previous findings regarding the beneficial effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists. The low number of events in several subgroups may affect the generalizability of the current findings.
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