ArticlePloS one2021
Population-based incidence and mortality of community-acquired pneumonia in Germany.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Low-dose corticosteroids in severe pulmonary infection: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Pooled it
- Projected epidemiological impact of lowering the adult pneumococcal vaccination age from 60 to 50 years in Germany.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- [A bidirectional feature mapping classification model based on multi-constrained latent representation learning for differential diagnosis of pneumonia].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Host, Pathogen, and Pulmonary Anatomy in Pneumonia: An Integrated Imaging and Clinical Perspective.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical courses of elderly patients with community-treated pneumonia: A retrospective cohort in Northern Israel.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Serotype distribution and coverage by pneumococcal vaccines in hospitalised adults with pneumococcal pneumonia in Germany.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Pre-diagnosed sleep apnoea is linked to severe courses in community-acquired pneumonia.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Pharmacological evaluation of selected medicinal plant extracts against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: implications for inflammation-associated respiratory infections.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
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- Trimodulin supports antibacterial defence and restricts inflammation in preclinical pneumonia models.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Resistance to Lefamulin: An Evaluation of Data from In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Lactate Dehydrogenase to Albumin Ratio as a Predictor of Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients Aged 60 years and Above: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Comparison of Typical and Atypical Community Acquired Pneumonia Cases in Hospitalized Patients in Two Tertiary Centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Standardized Prospective Intervention in Hospitalized Patients with Bacterial Pneumonia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association between the geriatric nutritional risk index and all-cause mortality in older critically ill patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- [Reply to the letter to the editor from Schalk E et al.: "Respiratory syncytial virus-not only relevant for hygienic reasons"].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Community-acquired pneumonia mortality trends according to age and gender: 2009 to 2019.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- [Update on pneumonia-Clinical management 2025 in consideration of the current guidelines].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundLittle information on the current burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults in Germany is available.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using a representative healthcare claims database of approx. 4 million adults to estimate the incidence rates (IR) and associated mortality of CAP in 2015. IR and mortality were stratified by treatment setting, age group, and risk group status. A pneumonia coded in the primary diagnosis position or in the second diagnosis position with another pneumonia-related condition coded in the primary position was used as the base cases definition for the study. Sensitivity analyses using broader and more restrictive case definitions were also performed.
resultsThe overall IR of CAP in adults ≥18 years was 1,054 cases per 100,000 person-years of observation. In adults aged 16 to 59 years, IR for overall CAP, hospitalized CAP and outpatient CAP was 551, 96 and 466 (with a hospitalization rate of 17%). In adults aged ≥60 years, the respective IR were 2,032, 1,061 and 1,053 (with a hospitalization rate of 52%). If any pneumonia coded in the primary or secondary diagnosis position was considered for hospitalized patients, the IR increased 1.5-fold to 1,560 in the elderly ≥60 years. The incidence of CAP hospitalizations was substantially higher in adults ≥18 years with at-risk conditions and high-risk conditions (IR of 608 and 1,552, respectively), compared to adults without underlying risk conditions (IR 108). High mortality of hospitalized CAP in adults ≥18 was observed in-hospital (18.5%), at 30 days (22.9%) and at one-year (44.5%) after CAP onset. Mortality was more than double in older adults in comparison to younger patients.
conclusionCAP burden in older adults and individuals with underlying risk conditions was high. Maximizing uptake of existing vaccines for respiratory diseases may help to mitigate the disease burden, especially in times of strained healthcare resources.
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