ArticlePloS one2021
Toe-brachial index is beyond a peripheral issue in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glycated Hemoglobin and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients Without Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease Among Jordanian Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer.Cureus · 2024Article
- The Association between Ankle-Brachial Index/Pulse Wave Velocity and Cerebral Large and Small Vessel Diseases in Stroke Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- What are the current diabetic foot assessment methods in private podiatry practices in Flanders, Belgium: an exploratory mixed method study.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2023Article
- The Cardiovascular-Mortality-Based Estimate for Normal Range of the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI).Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAtherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the association between ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe-brachial index (TBI) with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
methodsThis cross sectional study included 296 patients with T2DM who met the American Diabetes Association criteria for the assessment of peripheral arterial atherosclerosis. The ABI ≤ 0.9 and TBI ≤ 0.7 were considered as abnormal values. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between TBI/ABI and CIMT.
resultsRight CIMT was significantly greater in the low TBI group (p = 0.03) while, left CIMT did not show a significant difference. Each 0.1-unit decrease in TBI value was independently associated with 0.017 mm increase in the right CIMT (β ± SE; -0.017 ± 0.005, p = 0.002) and with odds of the presence of increased CIMT [odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.21 (1.02, 1.44)] after adjustment with all traditional risk factors. There was not any significant association between ABI and increased CIMT.
conclusionsBeyond a suitable tool for the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease in patients with T2DM, TBI can be applied for prediction of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.
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