SynthesisCardiovascular journal of Africa
Dietary intakes of green leafy vegetables and incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
Synthesis in Cardiovascular journal of Africa. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Role of diet in stroke incidence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Dietary Green Leafy Vegetables and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Defining Optimal Nutrition Behaviors to Determine Benefit-Cost Ratio of Federal Nutrition Education Programs.Nutrients · 2025Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Article
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2023Review
- Vegetable and Fruit Intake, Its Patterns, and Cognitive Function: Cross-Sectional Findings among Older Adults in Anhui, China.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2022Article
- Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases: Nutraceutical Interventions Related to Caloric Restriction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are currently experiencing increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates. Green leafy vegetables (GLV), which are abundant in these countries, are known to be particularly rich in cardioprotective nutrients. This study sought to determine the specific effect of GLV intake on the incidence of CVD.
methodsPreviously published cohort studies on GLV intake and incidence of CVD were retrieved through a systematic search of Google Scholar, EMBASE, MEDLINE, HINARI and Cochrane Library. A methodological evaluation of studies was carried out using the network of Ottawa scale, and a fixed-effect meta-analysis was applied to estimate pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was determined using the I
resultsThe pooled RR (95% CI) of incident CVD events from 17 studies was 0.93 (0.92-0.95). Specifically, GLV intake was inversely related with incident cerebral infarction (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88-0.96), heart disease (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87-0.99) and other CVD events (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.98).
conclusionsGLV intake was associated with a lower incidence of CVD, and may be a promising primary-prevention strategy against CVD events. The findings are especially important in LMICs where the burden of CVD remains high.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.