Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34128405›Full record

ArticleAutism : the international journal of research and practice2022

Goal attainment scaling-community-based: A method to incorporate personalized outcomes into intervention research with youth and adults on the autism spectrum.

Chung Eun Lee, Karrie A Shogren, Jordan Segal, Florencia Pezzimenti, Janeth Aleman-Tovar, Julie Lounds Taylor

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  6. Closing the Gap: A Randomized Trial Targeting Daily Living Skills in Autistic Adolescents.Focus on autism and other developmental disabilities · 2025
    Article
  7. The effect of physical therapy with goal attainment scaling on gait function in patients with subacute stroke.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liao · 2025
    Article
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  14. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Chung Eun LeeVanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8360-5985
Karrie A ShogrenThe University of Kansas, USA.
Jordan SegalVanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.
Florencia PezzimentiVanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.
Janeth Aleman-TovarUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Julie Lounds TaylorVanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3904-3476

Funding

Overall: Eunice Kennedy Shriver Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at VanderbiltP50HD103537 · NICHD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Lea K Davis · 2020 to 2026
$10.3M
Improving Transition Outcomes for Youth with Autism through Parent Advocacy Training: A Multi-State Randomized Controlled TrialR01MH116058 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI TAYLOR, JULIE LOUNDS · 2019 to 2023
$4.1M
NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103537NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116058
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

lay abstractAmong people with autism-all who have the same diagnosis-there are major differences on a nearly limitless number of areas, such as language, daily living skills, intellectual ability, sensory difficulties, and physical and mental health diagnoses. Despite these many differences, the targeted outcomes of intervention studies are often measured the same way across autistic adults, including outcomes such as getting a job, achieving greater independence, or getting more services. People have different goals and abilities, and it is important to have a way for intervention studies to measure outcomes in a way that is more personal to each individual. To address this issue, we developed a new approach-called "Goal Attainment Scaling-Community-based" or GAS-CB-to measure individualized outcomes across different research settings. In this article, we describe the need for individualized outcomes in autism intervention research and current approaches to gathering these outcomes, with our discussion focused on a method called goal attainment scaling. We then describe reasons why current goal attainment scaling approaches might not be useful in intervention research that takes place in the community. Finally, we discuss a new goal attainment scaling approach (GAS-CB) that can be flexibly used for research participants with very different characteristics.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderActivities of Daily LivingAdolescentAdultGoalsHumansResearch Designadultsautism spectrum disordersgoal attainment scalinginterventions—psychosocial/behavioraloutcome

Identifiers

PMID34128405
PMCPMC8671567

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.