ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2021
Fluvastatin-Loaded Emulsomes Exhibit Improved Cytotoxic and Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- RETRACTED: Alhakamy et al. Optimized Icariin Phytosomes Exhibit Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-Inducing Activities in Ovarian Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Optimized Apamin-Mediated Nano-Lipidic Carrier Potentially Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Ellagic Acid against Human Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2023-06-02Duplication of/in Image · Unreliable Data · · see also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/98A88CF85137FCBDC8716FB1E3FDBB#3
- Retracted
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fluvastatin (FLV) is known to inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), which is over-expressed in various cancers. FLV has been reported to decrease cancer development and metastasis. However, because of low bioavailability, extensive first-pass metabolism and short half-life of FLV (1.2 h), it is not appropriate for clinical application. Therefore, FLV-loaded emulsomes were formulated and optimized using Box-Behnken experimental design to achieve higher efficiency of formulation. Antitumor activity of optimized FLV-loaded emulsomes was evaluated in prostate cancer cells using cell cytotoxicity, apoptotic activity, cell cycle analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The FLV-loaded emulsomes exhibited a monodispersed size distribution with a mean particle size less than 100 nm as measured by zetasizer. The entrapment efficiency was found to be 93.74% with controlled drug release profile. FLV-EMLs showed a significant inhibitory effect on the viability of PC3 cells when compared to the free FLV (P < 0.0025). Furthermore, FLV-EMLs showed significant arrest in G2/M and increase in percentage of apoptotic cells as compared to free FLV. FLV-EMLs were more effective than free FLV in reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in caspase-3 activity. These results suggesting that FLV-EMLs caused cell cycle arrest which clarifies its significant antiproliferative effect compared to the free drug. Therefore, optimized FLV-EMLs may be an effective carrier for FLV in prostate cancer treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.