ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Deconvoluting the T Cell Response to SARS-CoV-2: Specificity Versus Chance and Cognate Cross-Reactivity.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whole-Blood Cellular Responses: A Promising Indicator of SARS-CoV-2 Immunity Compared to Serology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Lack of memory recall in human CD4 T cells elicited by the first encounter with SARS-CoV-2.iScience · 2024Article
- Combining different bacteria in vaccine formulations enhances the chance for antiviral cross-reactive immunity: a detailedFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Identification of immunodominant T cell epitopes induced by natural Zika virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Evidence for broad cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV-2 NSP12-directed CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Unbiased, High-Throughput Identification of T Cell Epitopes by ELISPOT.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses After a 3-dose Course of mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Cohort Study.Transplantation direct · 2022Article
- Article
- Epitope identification of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins using in silico approaches to obtain a conserved rational immunogenic peptide.Immunoinformatics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Resilience of Spike-Specific Immunity Induced by COVID-19 Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- A Complementary Union of SARS-CoV2 Natural and Vaccine Induced Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2-reactive T-cell receptors isolated from convalescent COVID-19 patients confer potent T-cell effector function.European journal of immunology · 2021Article
- Cross-reactive CD4Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Long-Lasting Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: Dream or Reality?Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Convalescent COVID-19 Patients Without Comorbidities Display Similar Immunophenotypes Over Time Despite Divergent Disease Severities.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Discordance Between the Predicted Versus the Actually Recognized CD8+ T Cell Epitopes of HCMV pp65 Antigen and Aleatory Epitope Dominance.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection takes a mild or clinically inapparent course in the majority of humans who contract this virus. After such individuals have cleared the virus, only the detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunological memory can reveal the exposure, and hopefully the establishment of immune protection. With most viral infections, the presence of specific serum antibodies has provided a reliable biomarker for the exposure to the virus of interest. SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, does not reliably induce a durable antibody response, especially in sub-clinically infected individuals. Consequently, it is plausible for a recently infected individual to yield a false negative result within only a few months after exposure. Immunodiagnostic attention has therefore shifted to studies of specific T cell memory to SARS-CoV-2. Most reports published so far agree that a T cell response is engaged during SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they also state that in 20-81% of SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals, T cells respond to SARS-CoV-2 antigens (mega peptide pools), allegedly due to T cell cross-reactivity with Common Cold coronaviruses (CCC), or other antigens. Here we show that, by introducing irrelevant mega peptide pools as negative controls to account for chance cross-reactivity, and by establishing the antigen dose-response characteristic of the T cells, one can clearly discern between cognate T cell memory induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. cross-reactive T cell responses in individuals who have not been infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.