ArticleNature medicine2021
Evidence for increased breakthrough rates of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in BNT162b2-mRNA-vaccinated individuals.
Article in Nature medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 233 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
233 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Real-Word Effectiveness of Global COVID-19 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate in ten countries in Europe and Latin America (HERALD): a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- ACTIVATE-2: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial of BCG Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Individuals at Risk.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Robust humoral and cellular recall responses to AZD1222 attenuate breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to unvaccinated.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in Brazil.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Review
- Preclinical development of a cross-protective β-SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccine adjuvanted with MF59.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Fc effector functions in RNA viral infections: mechanisms of antiviral immunity and implications for vaccine design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Modelling the Variability in Immunity Build-Up and Waning Following RNA-Based Vaccination.Viruses · 2025Article
- Adenoviral vector oropharyngeal spray immunization elicits mucosal immunity and protects against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 infection.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Heterologous sequential immunization using chimeric mRNA and protein vaccines with HA-stem and S-RBD enhanced protective mucosal immunity against influenza and COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Advancements in Structural Basis of Covalent Inhibitors Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Essential Proteins.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- What Lessons can Be Learned From the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic?International journal of public health · 2025Review
- XBB.1.5 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine protection against inpatient or emergency department visits among adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 and XBB-lineage variants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune imprinting: The persisting influence of the first antigenic encounter with rapidly evolving viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Impact and Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Based on Machine Learning Analysis of a Time Series: A Population-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccines are effective at preventing symptomatic and severe infection among healthcare workers: A clinical review.Vaccine: X · 2024Review
173 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2. However, apprehension exists that variants of concern (VOCs) may evade vaccine protection, due to evidence of reduced neutralization of the VOCs B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 by vaccine sera in laboratory assays. We performed a matched cohort study to examine the distribution of VOCs in infections of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinees from Clalit Health Services (Israel) using viral genomic sequencing, and hypothesized that if vaccine effectiveness against a VOC is reduced, its proportion among breakthrough cases would be higher than in unvaccinated controls. Analyzing 813 viral genome sequences from nasopharyngeal swabs, we showed that vaccinees who tested positive at least 7 days after the second dose were disproportionally infected with B.1.351, compared with controls. Those who tested positive between 2 weeks after the first dose and 6 days after the second dose were disproportionally infected by B.1.1.7. These findings suggest reduced vaccine effectiveness against both VOCs within particular time windows. Our results emphasize the importance of rigorously tracking viral variants, and of increasing vaccination to prevent the spread of VOCs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.