Observational studyScientific reports2021
Pre-transplant donor-reactive IL-21 producing T cells as a tool to identify an increased risk for acute rejection.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted delivery of IL-21 neutralizing nanotherapeutics to lymph nodes and kidney allografts attenuates B cell alloimmunity.Kidney international · 2025Article
- The effects of interleukin-21 in the biology of transplant rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Development of Non-HLA Antibodies and Their Association With Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Article
- Immunopathology of lung transplantation: from infection to rejection and vice versa.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Alloreactive T cells to Assess Acute Rejection Risk in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Transplantation direct · 2023Article
- Immune Subsets From Ficoll Density Gradient Separation in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Transplantation direct · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pre-transplant screening focuses on the detection of anti-HLA alloantibodies. Previous studies have shown that IFN-γ and IL-21 producing T cells are associated with the development of acute rejection (AR). The aim of this study, was to assess whether pre-transplant donor-reactive T cells and/or B cells are associated with increased rejection risk. Samples from 114 kidney transplant recipients (transplanted between 2010 and 2013) were obtained pre-transplantation. The number of donor-reactive IFN-γ and IL-21 producing cells was analyzed by ELISPOT assay. The presence of donor specific antibodies (DSA) was also determined before transplantation. Numbers of donor-reactive IFN-γ producing cells were similar in patients with or without AR whereas those of IL-21 producing cells were higher in patients with AR (p = 0.03). Significantly more patients with AR [6/30(20%)] had detectable DSA compared to patients without AR [5/84(5.9%), p = 0.03]. Multivariate logistic regression showed that donor age (OR 1.06), pre-transplant DSA (OR 5.61) and positive IL-21 ELISPOT assay (OR 2.77) were independent predictors of an increased risk for the development of AR. Aside from an advanced donor-age and pre-transplant DSA, also pre-transplant donor-reactive IL-21 producing cells are associated with the development of AR after transplantation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.