Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34127388›Full record

ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2021

Aperiodic sleep networks promote memory consolidation.

Randolph F Helfrich, Janna D Lendner, Robert T Knight

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  9. Functional Connectivity Is Dominated by Aperiodic, Rather Than Oscillatory, Coupling.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  10. Time-Resolved Aperiodic and Oscillatory Dynamics during Human Visual Memory Encoding.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  11. Differential expression of spatiotemporal sleep spindle clusters in aging.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Randolph F HelfrichHertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neurology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: randolph.helfrich@gmail.com.
Janna D LendnerDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Robert T KnightHelen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Funding

Neural circuit theory and trained recurrent network modeling of rapid learningU19NS107609 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BUFFALO, ELIZABETH A · 2018 to 2022
$12.6M
Attention, Orientation and the Human Prefrontal CortexR01NS021135 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI Robert Thomas Knight · 1985 to 2026
$6.5M
ATTENTION, ORIENTATION, & THE HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEXR37NS021135 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI KNIGHT, ROBERT THOMAS · 2013 to 2019
$3.6M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS021135NINDS NIH HHS R37 NS021135NINDS NIH HHS U19 NS107609
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hierarchical synchronization of sleep oscillations establishes communication pathways to support memory reactivation, transfer, and consolidation. From an information-theoretical perspective, oscillations constitute highly structured network states that provide limited information-coding capacity. Recent findings indicate that sleep oscillations occur in transient bursts that are interleaved with aperiodic network states, which were previously considered to be random noise. We argue that aperiodic activity exhibits unique and variable spatiotemporal patterns, providing an ideal information-rich neurophysiological substrate for imprinting new mnemonic patterns onto existing circuits. We discuss novel avenues in conceptualizing and quantifying aperiodic network states during sleep to further understand their relevance and interplay with sleep oscillations in support of memory consolidation.

Indexed as

Memory ConsolidationElectroencephalographyHippocampusHumansMemorySleepexcitation–inhibition balancehippocampal–neocortical network interactionshippocampal ripplesnon-oscillatory broadband activitysleep-dependent memory consolidationslow oscillation–spindle coupling

Identifiers

PMID34127388
PMCPMC9017392

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.