ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2021
Differential effects of risk factors on the cognitive trajectory of early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of its efficacy as a function of protocol characteristics and degree of personalization.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- EOAD-Signature Atrophy Predicts Dementia in Early-Onset MCI due to Alzheimer Disease: An MRI-Based Prognostic Biomarker.Neurology · 2026Article
- Facets of language performance in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Facets of language performance in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of genetic and vascular risk factors on rates of cognitive decline in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Differences in baseline cognitive performance between participants with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Comparison of LEADS and ADNI.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Altered Heme and Redox Homeostasis Underpin Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Age of onset moderates the effects of Vascular Risk Factors on Neurodegeneration, Blood-Brain-Barrier permeability, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's Disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Ethnic differences in the prevalence of amyloid positivity and cognitive trajectories.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Korea-Registries to Overcome Dementia and Accelerate Dementia Research (K-ROAD): A Cohort for Dementia Research and Ethnic-Specific Insights.Dementia and neurocognitive disorders · 2024Article
- Scenarios for the long-term efficacy of amyloid-targeting therapies in the context of the natural history of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Effects of risk factors on the development and mortality of early- and late-onset dementia: an 11-year longitudinal nationwide population-based cohort study in South Korea.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Is Alzheimer disease a disease?Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Higher systolic blood pressure in early-mid adulthood is associated with poorer cognitive performance in those with a dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease mutation but not in non-carriers. Results from the DIAN study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Observational
- APOE ε4 carrier status and sex differentiate rates of cognitive decline in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Linking Diabetes to Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Roles of Glucose Metabolism and Alpha-Glucosidase.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- The role of ethnicity, biological sex, and psychotropic agents in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Association between playing cards/mahjong and risk of incident dementia among the Chinese older adults: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough few studies have shown that risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with cognitive decline in AD, not much is known whether the impact of risk factors differs between early-onset AD (EOAD, symptom onset < 65 years of age) versus late-onset AD (LOAD). Therefore, we evaluated whether the impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors on cognitive trajectories differ in EOAD and LOAD.
methodsWe followed-up 193 EOAD and 476 LOAD patients without known autosomal dominant AD mutation for 32.3 ± 23.2 months. Mixed-effects model analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of APOE ε4, low education, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity on cognitive trajectories.
resultsAPOE ε4 carriers showed slower cognitive decline in general cognitive function, language, and memory domains than APOE ε4 carriers in EOAD but not in LOAD. Although patients with low education showed slower cognitive decline than patients with high education in both EOAD and LOAD, the effect was stronger in EOAD, specifically in frontal-executive function. Patients with hypertension showed faster cognitive decline than did patients without hypertension in frontal-executive and general cognitive function in LOAD but not in EOAD. Patients with obesity showed slower decline in general cognitive function than non-obese patients in EOAD but not in LOAD.
conclusionsKnown risk factors for AD were associated with slower cognitive decline in EOAD but rapid cognitive decline in LOAD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.