ArticleBMC public health2021
Differential impact of mitigation policies and socioeconomic status on COVID-19 prevalence and social distancing in the United States.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Measures implemented in the school setting to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Employment type and non-compliance with SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing: insights from a nationwide seroprevalence study in South Korea.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Structural Vulnerability and Police Interaction among Women Who Use Drugs amid De Facto Decriminalization in Baltimore, Maryland.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Demographic and Geographic Characterization of Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Baltimore City, Maryland, March 2020 to March 2021.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Transitioning to a Mixed-Mode Study Design in a National Household Panel Study: Effects on Fieldwork Outcomes, Sample Composition and Costs.Survey research methods · 2023Article
- COVID-19 lockdown effect on healthcare utilization and in-hospital mortality in children under 5 years in Cape Town, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.Journal of tropical pediatrics · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spread and area economic disadvantage in the italian three-tier restrictions: a multilevel approach.BMC public health · 2023Article
- A scoping review of the impacts of COVID-19 physical distancing measures on vulnerable population groups.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A neighborhood-level analysis of association between social vulnerability and COVID-19 in ahvaz, Iran.International journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR · 2023Article
- Combating coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in rural areas of Malawi: Factors affecting the fight.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- A county-level analysis of association between social vulnerability and COVID-19 cases in Khuzestan Province, Iran.International journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR · 2023Article
- Deprivation, essential and non-essential activities and SARS-CoV-2 infection following the lifting of national public health restrictions in England and Wales.NIHR open research · 2023Article
- The adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions and the role of digital infrastructure during the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia, Ecuador, and El Salvador.EPJ data science · 2023Article
- Assessment of Population-Level Disadvantage Indices to Inform Equitable Health Policy.The Milbank quarterly · 2022Article
- Does Influenza Vaccination Reduce the Risk of Contracting COVID-19?Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Sleep of infants and toddlers during 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the midwestern United States.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
- Changes in activity locations during the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with depression, anxiety, loneliness, and alcohol use.Wellbeing, space and society · 2022Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Socioeconomic Inequalities in COVID-19 Outcomes Over the Course of the Pandemic-A Scoping Review.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Social vulnerability and county stay-at-home behavior during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders, United States, April 7-April 20, 2020.Annals of epidemiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe spread of COVID-19 has highlighted the long-standing health inequalities across the U.S. as neighborhoods with fewer resources were associated with higher rates of COVID-19 transmission. Although the stay-at-home order was one of the most effective methods to contain its spread, residents in lower-income neighborhoods faced barriers to practicing social distancing. We aimed to quantify the differential impact of stay-at-home policy on COVID-19 transmission and residents' mobility across neighborhoods of different levels of socioeconomic disadvantage.
methodsThis was a comparative interrupted time-series analysis at the county level. We included 2087 counties from 38 states which both implemented and lifted the state-wide stay-at-home order. Every county was assigned to one of four equally-sized groups based on its levels of disadvantage, represented by the Area Deprivation Index. Prevalence of COVID-19 was calculated by dividing the daily number of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases by the number of residents from the 2010 Census. We used the Social Distancing Index (SDI), derived from the COVID-19 Impact Analysis Platform, to measure the mobility. For the evaluation of implementation, the observation started from Mar 1st 2020 to 1 day before lifting; and, for lifting, it ranged from 1 day after implementation to Jul 5th 2020. We calculated a comparative change of daily trends in COVID-19 prevalence and Social Distancing Index between counties with three highest disadvantage levels and those with the least level before and after the implementation and lifting of the stay-at-home order, separately.
resultsOn both stay-at-home implementation and lifting dates, COVID-19 prevalence was much higher among counties with the highest or lowest disadvantage level, while mobility decreased as the disadvantage level increased. Mobility of the most disadvantaged counties was least impacted by stay-at-home implementation and relaxation compared to counties with the most resources; however, disadvantaged counties experienced the largest relative increase in COVID-19 infection after both stay-at-home implementation and relaxation.
conclusionsNeighborhoods with varying levels of socioeconomic disadvantage reacted differently to the implementation and relaxation of COVID-19 mitigation policies. Policymakers should consider investing more resources in disadvantaged counties as the pandemic may not stop until most neighborhoods have it under control.
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