ArticleClinical and experimental pediatrics2022
Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review.
Article in Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Virtual Video Reality Gaming on Fine Motor Skills in Children With Down's Syndrome
Effects of Bean Bag Tossing Game Using Static and Dynamic Surface on Balance and Gait in Children With Down Syndrome
Effects of Neurodevelopmental Treatment on Balance, Mobility, Walking Capacity, and Functional Independence in Children With Down Syndrome: A Pilot Pre-Post Intervention Study
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contemporary physiotherapy interventions for balance rehabilitation in children with Down syndrome: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Exercise dose and multidimensional motor function in young people with Down syndrome: a Bayesian network dose-response meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Balance control in children and adolescents with intellectual disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of dual-task on postural control and gait in individuals with Down syndrome: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Effect of hippotherapy on balance, functional mobility, and functional independence in children with Down syndrome: randomized controlled trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Immersive reality training for gross motor outcomes in children with Down syndrome.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Effects of Physical Activity on Motor Development, Balance, and Psychosocial Well-Being in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Design and Development of 'Building Opportunities for Optimal physical activity Skills Training in children with Down Syndrome (BOOST-DS)' Programme and its Content Validation through Consensus using Modified Delphi method.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- Caregiver Concerns for Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil.Child: care, health and development · 2026Article
- Molecular and cellular processes disrupted in the early postnatal Down syndrome prefrontal cortex.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Improving coordination, proprioception, balance and motor proficiency in Down syndrome with developmental games.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Hypotonia and Vestibular Dysfunction in Young Children: A Scoping Review.Current pediatric reviews · 2026Article
- Postural control in top-level Para Karate athletes with visual and intellectual impairment: an observational study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Pathophysiological Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Down Syndrome: Insights into Metabolic Dysfunction and Sarcopenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Synergistic mitochondrial impairment by endogenously elevated cyanide and hydrogen sulfide in Down syndrome; commentary on: Cyanide overproduction impairs cellular bioenergetics in Down syndrome.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Body Composition and Adiposity in Children with Down Syndrome Compared to Typically Developing Children: The Association with Their Motor Performance.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prelinguistic Communication Complexity of Children With Neurogenetic Syndromes.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2025Article
- A Comparison of Developmental Profiles of Preschool Children with Down Syndrome, Global Developmental Delay, and Developmental Language Disorder.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome present with several impairments such as hypotonia, ligament laxity, decreased muscle strength, insufficient muscular cocontraction, inadequate postural control, and disturbed proprioception. These factors are responsible for the developmental challenges faced by children with Down syndrome. These individuals also present with balance dysfunctions. PURPOSE: This systematic review aims to describe the motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.
methodsWe searched the Scopus, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, Wiley, and EBSCO databases for observational studies evaluating the motor abilities and balance performance in individuals with Down syndrome. The review was registered on PROSPERO.
resultsA total of 1,096 articles were retrieved; after careful screening and scrutinizing against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were included in the review. Overall, the children and adolescents with Down syndrome showed delays and dysfunction in performing various activities such as sitting, pulling to stand, standing, and walking. They also presented with compensatory mechanisms to maintain their equilibrium in static and dynamic activities.
conclusionThe motor development of children with Down syndrome is significantly delayed due to structural differences in the brain. These individuals have inefficient compensatory strategies like increasing step width, increasing frequency of mediolateral center of pressure displacement, decreasing anteroposterior displacement, increasing trunk stiffness, and increasing posterior trunk displacement to maintain equilibrium. Down syndrome presents with interindividual variations; therefore, a thorough evaluation is required before a structured intervention is developed to improve motor and balance dysfunction.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.