Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34125951›Full record

SynthesisThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2021

Intravesical gemcitabine for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Mi Ah Han, Philipp Maisch, Jae Hung Jung, Jun Eul Hwang, Vikram Narayan, Anne Cleves, Eu Chang Hwang, Philipp Dahm

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05701332 (Effect of Intravesical B.C.G and Gemcitabine on Semen Quality and Testicular Volume in Patients With Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05701332 phase4unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Intravesical B.C.G and Gemcitabine on Semen Quality and Testicular Volume in Patients With Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorAssiut UniversityRan2023 to 2025Enrolled25ConditionsUrothelial Carcinoma Bladder, Sperm Count, Low, Testis, FibrosisArmsBacillus Calmette Guerin
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. TAR-200 for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Unresponsive High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results From the Phase IIb SunRISe-1 Study.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025
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  19. The oncogenic functions of SPARCL1 in bladder cancer.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024
    Article
  20. Nanomedicine in Bladder Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mi Ah HanDepartment of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea, South.
Philipp MaischDepartment of Urology, Rechts der Isar Medical Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Jae Hung JungDepartment of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea, South.
Jun Eul HwangDepartment of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea, South.
Vikram NarayanDepartment of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Anne ClevesVelindre NHS Trust, Cardiff University Library Services, Cardiff, UK.
Eu Chang HwangDepartment of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea, South.
Philipp DahmUrology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIt remains unclear whether people with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) benefit from intravesical gemcitabine compared to other agents in the primary or recurrent setting following transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2012. Since that time, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been reported, making this update relevant. 

objectivesTo assess the comparative effectiveness and toxicity of intravesical gemcitabine instillation for NMIBC. SEARCH

methodsWe performed a comprehensive literature search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases, trial registries, and conference proceedings to 11 September 2020, with no restrictions on the language or status of publication. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included RCTs in which participants received intravesical gemcitabine for primary or recurrent NMIBC. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed the included studies and extracted data for the primary outcomes: time to recurrence, time to progression, grade III to V adverse events determined by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 (CTCAE v5.0), and the secondary outcomes: time to death from bladder cancer, time to death from any cause, grade I or II adverse events determined by the CTCAE v5.0 and disease-specific quality of life. We performed statistical analyses using a random-effects model and rated the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. MAIN

resultsWe included seven studies with 1222 participants with NMIBC across five comparisons. This abstract focuses on the primary outcomes of the three most clinically relevant comparisons. 1. Gemcitabine versus saline: based on two years' to four years' follow-up, gemcitabine may reduce the risk of recurrence over time compared to saline (39% versus 47% recurrence rate, hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54 to 1.09; studies = 2, participants = 734; I

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicAdministration, IntravesicalAntibiotics, AntineoplasticAntimetabolites, AntineoplasticBCG VaccineBiasCause of DeathConfidence IntervalsDeoxycytidineDisease ProgressionDrug Administration ScheduleGemcitabineHumansMitomycinNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibiotics, AntineoplasticAntimetabolites, AntineoplasticBCG VaccineDeoxycytidineGemcitabineMitomycinSaline Solution

Identifiers

PMID34125951
PMCPMC8202966

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.