ArticlePloS one2021
Sex differences in the incidence, mortality, and fatality of COVID-19 in Peru.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Excess all-cause deaths stratified by sex and age in Peru: a time series analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Sex differences in dengue-related neurological complications: insights from the 2023 Taiwan outbreak.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Dissecting Sex-Specific Pathology in K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mice Infected With Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Mortality Due to Covid-19 in Hospitalized Patients: A Prediction Model Based on Different Risk Factors.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet Ratio (N/LP Ratio), a Reliable Criterion for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Both Genders Infected With SARS-CoV-2.Mediators of inflammation · 2024Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol and tobacco consumption: Evidence from Peru.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
- The global case fatality rate due to COVID-19 in hospitalized elderly patients by sex, year, gross domestic product, and continent: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.New microbes and new infections · 2023Review
- Sex and age differences in the COVID-19 mortality in East Jakarta, Indonesia: Analysis of COVID-19 surveillance system.Journal of public health in Africa · 2022Article
- Thromboprophylaxis and clinical outcomes in moderate COVID-19 patients: A comparative study.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2022Article
- Epidemiological Context and Risk Factors Associated with the Evolution of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Determinants of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections and Severity in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-Vaccinated Priority Groups.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Observational
- Comparison Epidemiology between Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in East Java Province, Indonesia: An Analysis of Regional Surveillance Data in 2020.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Coronavirus disease 2019 in Saudi Arabia: A nationwide real-world characterization study.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2022Article
- All-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients receiving statin therapy: analysis of veterans affairs database cohort study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2022Observational
- Analysis of Excess All-Cause Mortality and COVID-19 Mortality in Peru: Observational Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Vulnerability of β-Thalassemia Heterozygotes to COVID-19: Results from a Cohort Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Clinical characteristics of children with omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection in Changchun, China from march to april 2022: A retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Structural and functional insights into the spike protein mutations of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Risk factors for poor prognosis in children and adolescents with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- COVID-19 mortality in women and men in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study.BMJ global health · 2021Article
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3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a worrying lack of epidemiological data on the sex differential in COVID-19 infection and death rates between the regions of Peru.
methodsUsing cases and death data from the national population-based surveillance system of Peru, we estimated incidence, mortality and fatality, stratified by sex, age and geographic distribution (per 100,000 habitants) from March 16 to November 27, 2020. At the same time, we calculated the risk of COVID-19 death.
resultsDuring the study period, 961894 cases and 35913 deaths were reported in Peru. Men had a twofold higher risk of COVID-19 death within the overall population of Peru (odds ratio (OR), 2.11; confidence interval (CI) 95%; 2.06-2.16; p<0.00001), as well as 20 regions of Peru, compared to women (p<0.05). There were variations in incidence, mortality and fatality rates stratified by sex, age, and region. The incidence rate was higher among men than among women (3079 vs. 2819 per 100,000 habitants, respectively). The mortality rate was two times higher in males than in females (153 vs. 68 per 100,000 habitants, respectively). The mortality rates increased with age, and were high in men 60 years of age or older. The fatality rate was two times higher in men than in women (4.96% vs. 2.41%, respectively), and was high in men 50 years of age or older.
conclusionsThese findings show the higher incidence, mortality and fatality rates among men than among women from Peru. These rates vary widely by region, and men are at greater risk of COVID-19 death. In addition, the mortality and fatality rates increased with age, and were most predominant in men 50 years of age or older.
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