ReviewJapanese journal of radiology2021
MRI imaging features of HIV-related central nervous system diseases: diagnosis by pattern recognition in daily practice.
Review in Japanese journal of radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain MRI and neurocognitive characteristics of children and adolescents living with HIV.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2026Article
- Multiplanar MRI approach to the differential diagnosis of central nervous system tumors and tumor-like lesions in patients with HIV: what radiologists need to know.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Neurological Infections in HIV: A Case-Based Review for Clinicians.Le infezioni in medicina · 2026Review
- Toxoplasmic encephalitis unmasked during treatment for miliary tuberculosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report and literature review.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Role of Artificial Intelligence and Personalized Medicine in Enhancing HIV Management and Treatment Outcomes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Primary central nervous system lymphoma: Imaging features and differential diagnosis.The neuroradiology journal · 2024Review
- Myelin insults differentials on MRI in children: In the light of an ADEM case.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Gliomatosis cerebri with blindness: A case report with literature review.Radiology case reports · 2023Article
- Review
- MRI of neurosyphilis with mesiotemporal lobe lesions of "knife-cut sign" on MRI: A case report and literature review.Heliyon · 2023Article
- CD8 Encephalitis in HIV: A Review of This Emerging Entity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Shock and kill within the CNS: A promising HIV eradication approach?Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- CD8 encephalitis presenting as autoimmune encephalitis in HIV-1 infection.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A mini-review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prognosis of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has improved, and the frequency of HIV-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases has decreased. Nevertheless, mortality from HIV-related CNS diseases, including those associated with ART (e.g., immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) remains significant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve the outlook for people with HIV through early diagnosis and prompt treatment. For example, HIV encephalopathy shows a diffuse bilateral pattern, whereas progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, HIV-related primary CNS lymphoma, and CNS toxoplasmosis show focal patterns on MRI. Among the other diseases caused by opportunistic infections, CNS cryptococcosis and CNS tuberculosis have extremely poor prognoses unless diagnosed early. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome shows distinct MRI findings from the offending opportunistic infections. Although distinguishing between HIV-related CNS diseases based on imaging alone is difficult, in this review, we discuss how pattern recognition approaches can contribute to their early differentiation.
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