ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2022
Perceived Discrimination, Nativity, and Cognitive Performance in a Multiethnic Study of Older Adults: Findings From the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences Study.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Do white matter hyperintensities account for the relationship between discrimination and memory?Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Major Lifetime Discrimination Exposure Accelerates Brain Microstructural Aging: Diffusion MRI Evidence From MIDUS.Biopsychosocial science and medicine · 2026Article
- Cognitive performance among diverse Asian American subgroups: exploring the role of nativity, language, and education.NPJ dementia · 2026Article
- Modeling the importance of life exposure factors on memory performance in diverse older adults: A machine learning approach.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Beyond Acculturation: Contextual Factors Predicting Neurocognitive Performance in a Clinical Sample of Latina/o/e Adults.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2025Article
- Measuring the Interrelationships Between Cognitive Performance, Race/Ethnicity, Discrimination, Health Behaviors, and Physiological Dysregulation: A Path Analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Journal of aging and health · 2025Article
- Characteristics of discrimination and ambulatory cognitive performance among older Black and White adults.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Cognitive Performance of Latino and White Non-Latino Individuals With Parkinson's Disease.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Racial differences in links between perceived discrimination, depressive symptoms, and ambulatory working memory.Aging & mental health · 2024Article
- Associations of Major Lifetime and Everyday Discrimination with Cognitive Function among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Ethnicity & disease · 2024Article
- Perceived Discrimination and Incident Dementia Among Older Adults in the United States: The Buffering Role of Social Relationships.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Discrimination and Cognition in Midlife Black Women: The Roles of Social Support and Spirituality.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- The Effects of Midlife Acute and Chronic Stressors on Black-White Differences in Cognitive Decline.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Environmental, Sociocultural, Behavioral, and Biological Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline, Alzheimer's Disease, and Other Types of Dementia in Black Americans.Current epidemiology reports · 2023Article
- Evaluating interpersonal discrimination and depressive symptoms as partial mediators of the effects of education on cognition: Evidence from the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite growing research on the association between discrimination and disparities in cognitive aging, an evidence gap remains on how the association varies by racial/ethnic group. This study evaluates the associations of experiences of discrimination with cognitive function and whether these associations varied by race/ethnicity and nativity.
methodUsing the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) cohort (N = 1 712) with approximately equal groups of Black, White, Latino, and Asian community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older, we evaluated the associations between self-reported experiences of everyday and major lifetime discrimination with overall cognitive performance and domain-specific cognition (verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, and executive functioning) across race/ethnicity and nativity. Linear regression models examined the cross-sectional association between self-reported experiences of everyday and major lifetime discrimination with z-standardized coefficients for cognition. We tested for effect modification by race and nativity. All models controlled for age, sex, and education.
resultsAmong KHANDLE participants (mean age: 76 years; SD: 6.8), everyday discrimination was not associated with cognitive scores. Major lifetime discrimination was associated with better average cognitive scores among Black participants but not among other racial/ethnic groups. Major lifetime discrimination was associated with better average cognitive scores among U.S.-born but not among non-U.S.-born individuals.
conclusionOur findings do not imply that discrimination improves cognition, but rather suggest that future research should include more detailed measures on discrimination and unfair treatment that could help disentangle the extent to which relationships are causal or reflect some other underlying factor.
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