ArticleCell reports. Medicine2021
Young infants exhibit robust functional antibody responses and restrained IFN-γ production to SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Case of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death with Presumptive SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a Triad of Primary School Learners (Grades 1-7), Their Parents, and Teachers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional and Nested Case-Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- A basally active cGAS-STING pathway limits SARS-CoV-2 replication in a subset of ACE2 positive airway cell models.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A basally active cGAS-STING pathway limits SARS-CoV-2 replication in a subset of ACE2 positive airway cell models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 memory response in non-hospitalised cases: immunology in the context of a population-based cohort study.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- Immune dynamics throughout life in relation to sex hormones and perspectives gained from gender-affirming hormone therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Infants and young children generate more durable antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection than adults.iScience · 2023Article
- Elevated binding and functional antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in infants versus mothers.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Interferon at the crossroads of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2023Review
- Review
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management.Pediatric research · 2023Review
- T Lymphocyte Subset Counts and Interferon-Gamma Production in Adults and Children with COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Evaluation and deployment of isotype-specific salivary antibody assays for detecting previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Haemorrhage of human foetal cortex associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Elevated binding and functional antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in infants versus mothers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Cryo-EM reveals binding of linoleic acid to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, suggesting an antiviral treatment strategy.Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology · 2023Article
- Impact of Cesarean Delivery and Breastfeeding on Secretory Immunoglobulin A in the Infant Gut Is Mediated by Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Policies on children and schools during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Western Europe.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- High antibody levels and reduced cellular response in children up to one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 appears rare in children. This is unexpected, especially in young infants, who are vulnerable to severe disease caused by other respiratory viruses. We evaluate convalescent immune responses in 4 infants under 3 months old with confirmed COVID-19 who presented with mild febrile illness, alongside their parents, and adult controls recovered from confirmed COVID-19. Although not statistically significant, compared to seropositive adults, infants have high serum levels of IgG and IgA to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with a corresponding functional ability to block SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Infants also exhibit robust saliva anti-spike IgG and IgA responses. Spike-specific IFN-γ production by infant peripheral blood mononuclear cells appears restrained, but the frequency of spike-specific IFN-γ- and/or TNF-α-producing T cells is comparable between infants and adults. On principal-component analysis, infant immune responses appear distinct from their parents. Robust functional antibody responses alongside restrained IFN-γ production may help protect infants from severe COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.